First, the psychological principles of abacus mental arithmetic and hand mental arithmetic
The principle of abacus mental arithmetic and hand-brain arithmetic: the first step-transforming numbers into beads or actions. Step 2: the relationship between numbers becomes the relationship between beads and the relationship between actions, and the result of beads or actions is obtained. Step 3: Convert the result of the relationship between beads, actions and actions into the final number.
Second, the disadvantages of abacus mental arithmetic and palm arithmetic teaching
1. Children's thinking has developed from action thinking to image thinking and abstract thinking. Children learn mathematics from action, operate various objects and their relationships with their own hands, form representations and store them in their minds, and finally extract and express the digital concepts or mathematical principles in the representations.
Abacus mental arithmetic solidified the child's appearance, while hand-brain arithmetic stagnated the child's thinking in action. For children, it is the degeneration or inversion of thinking development, which runs counter to scientific mathematics teaching and is not conducive to children's real understanding of the concept of numbers. Why do children learn fast? It is precisely because they stop thinking on the basis of action thinking and solidified image thinking that they learn quickly, but it is not good for future development. Some children can do a few abacus mental arithmetic quickly, but do simple 2+3=? You have to use your hands to assist, which is the best proof.
2. When it comes to learning double digits, children learn the true meaning and operation rules of single digits and ten digits. The basic rule of adding and subtracting two digits is: the digits should be aligned, starting with single digits and full of ten into one. However, abacus mental arithmetic and hand mental arithmetic are not. Abacus mental arithmetic is added from a high position, and the hand and brain are characterized by specific movements. This is very unfavorable for children to enter the second grade of primary school to learn vertical addition and subtraction.
It takes time to learn abacus mental arithmetic and hand mental arithmetic. Large classes learn abacus mental arithmetic and hand-brain operation, and suppress some of the original learning contents of children's mathematics to the next age group, such as the addition and subtraction within ten to 4-5 years old, and the actual meaning of knowing numbers to 3-4 years old. Judging from the age characteristics of young children, such repression prevents children from obtaining a solid mathematical foundation. In reality, many children learn mathematics but don't understand it.
4. abacus mental arithmetic and hand-brain arithmetic solidify the way children learn mathematics, which is extremely troublesome. Children need to regain new methods of learning mathematics when they arrive at primary school. Some children lose directly at the starting point because they can't change it.
5. Let some children lose confidence in learning mathematics.
I hope it helps you.