In recent years, road and bridge engineering has achieved fruitful results in theory and practice, and created a number of high-quality projects with good quality, fast progress and low cost, and achieved good social and economic benefits. With the increasingly fierce competition of construction enterprises, entrepreneurs gradually realize the importance of management to generate benefits. Doing a good job in engineering projects is an important way for construction enterprises to maximize economic benefits.
Keywords: road and bridge construction; Project management; management measure
Total quality management is very important in highway construction, but because it is a systematic science, many people are unfamiliar with it and it is difficult to fully understand it. This requires a perfect organization to promote it, publicize and guide it, and the highway system will carry out this work from top to bottom and formulate various measures. In this regard, the following issues are discussed.
First, the basic status of road and bridge project management
China road and bridge industry has made great progress after nearly ten years' development. But on the whole, there is still a big gap between its management level and actual development, which needs to be improved urgently. In recent years, there are many quality accidents in highway and bridge engineering, delays in construction period are common, and construction profits are generally low. In particular, the recent major engineering quality accidents have not only caused great losses to the lives and property of the country and people, but also caused bad social impact, and also sounded the alarm for the management of road and bridge construction projects. These accidents are all related to project management without exception, and they are all caused by poor or irregular project management. At present, in the process of road and bridge construction projects, problems such as chaotic construction site management, excessive waste in the construction process and backward project procurement management are more prominent.
Second, road and bridge construction project management problems
(a) there is a lot of waste in the construction process, we know that the construction process refers to the various processes of construction, that is, multiple groups of continuous activities. According to the definition of value stream, value stream refers to multiple groups of continuous activities from the beginning to the end of enterprise operation, which * * * create value for customers. Customers may be external customers or end users in the value stream. If an activity in a process does not create value for external or internal customers, it is regarded as waste. In the current road and bridge construction, there are many such waste phenomena in the construction process.
(B) the project procurement management is backward. At present, the procurement management of road and bridge construction projects is generally backward, which restricts the improvement of project profits. In addition, due to the influence of some bad social phenomena in procurement, the phenomenon of poor quality and high price of purchased raw materials frequently occurs. This is the direct cause of a batch of "bean curd residue projects".
(C) the construction site management confusion. The road and bridge construction site is the gathering place of people flow, logistics and information flow, and also the place where the engineering products are finally formed. Therefore, it is more and more important to do a good job in the management of construction site. In recent years, while introducing foreign advanced management concepts, the management level of road and bridge projects in China has been continuously improved. However, the phenomenon of chaotic management in the construction site is still serious, and there is still a big gap from creating a civilized construction site.
Third, measures to strengthen the management of road and bridge construction projects
Project management refers to the construction unit using knowledge, skills, tools and technology to get the maximum benefit from cost saving and seek the best balance between construction period, benefit and quality. Project management focuses on improving the level of project management and control, linking project management with enterprise development, thus promoting the efficient operation of enterprises.
(a) project planning management and comprehensive coordination; The management of large-scale projects is complex and constantly changing. Without a complete work plan and comprehensive coordination, the project will not go smoothly, and there will be many detours in the work, which will easily cause immeasurable losses to the enterprise itself. Its specific contents include: being familiar with drawings and contract documents, understanding information such as topography, construction period and quality requirements, making a complete and feasible plan, combining the plan with the actual progress, combining with its own production capacity, and considering the influence of climatic conditions and other factors. In the process of implementation, according to the change of objective situation, the plan is adjusted in time, and the control is strengthened to ensure the realization of the planned objectives.
(2) Project schedule management and process control; From the date of approval of the project proposal, the project should attach importance to schedule management, determine the completion time of each project, analyze the dependence between activities, make schedule plans, adjust and control the changes of schedule plans, and control the project schedule, especially for complex large-scale construction projects. We should not only control the contractor's construction progress, but also control the progress of all conditions that affect the project. Such as design, foreign negotiation and signing, equipment and materials procurement, etc.
(3) Project cost management and cost forecast; Project cost management is to ensure that the project quality, time limit for a project and other requirements are met, by calculating the expenses incurred in the project implementation process.
Planning, organizing, controlling, coordinating and other activities are scientific management activities to achieve predetermined cost targets and reduce costs as much as possible. It is mainly through technical, economic and management activities to achieve predetermined goals and achieve the purpose of profitability. Cost is the sum of all kinds of expenses in the process of project construction. The content of cost management is very extensive, running through the whole process and all aspects of project management activities. From project signing to construction preparation, site construction and completion acceptance, every link is inseparable from cost management. As far as the complete workflow of cost management is concerned, its contents generally include: cost prediction, cost control, cost accounting, cost analysis and cost assessment.
(4) quality management; Establish and improve the quality assurance system. The quality assurance system is an organic whole with specific functions, which consists of the contractor's quality assurance system and the supervision company's quality control system. It is an organic whole to ensure that products meet the quality requirements stipulated in technical design and relevant specifications. Determine the quality standards and technical requirements of the project, and regularly evaluate the overall implementation of the project. According to the actual situation, analyze the compliance with quality objectives, and formulate corresponding measures to eliminate dissatisfaction.
(5) system management; To formulate the management system, we must set up a special organization, formulate the project implementation plan, guide and supervise the implementation of the project, coordinate and deal with the problems existing in the implementation process, be responsible for the whole process management and target assessment of the project, master the construction dynamics, and ensure that the project is fully completed as planned and designed.
(6) procurement management; There are many kinds and quantities of materials and equipment needed in the project, and improper handling will affect the realization of the whole project, so it is necessary to strengthen the management and control of procurement. First, decide when to buy something, determine the potential source of goods, and then sign a contract by inquiry and bidding, and urge the timely supply with good quality and quantity.
(7) Project risk management; Project management organizations should know how to identify risks, analyze and deal with risks, and adjust countermeasures to amplify the impact of positive events and minimize the impact of negative events.
Conclusion: Project management is an important link in planning, feasibility study, site selection, survey and design of construction projects, and an important factor to ensure the quality of construction projects, improve economic benefits and ensure the smooth implementation of construction projects. The accuracy and scientificity of project management have great influence on construction projects. Whether the management system of project management is advanced or not, and its business and technical level will directly affect the quality and economic benefits of project construction. It plays a very important role in ensuring the healthy and smooth progress of construction projects, improving the investment benefit of fixed assets, ensuring the safety of people's lives and property, and promoting the stable development of the national economy.
Discussion on construction project management
The object of construction project management is the work in each stage of the life cycle of construction projects. Construction project in a broad sense refers to the whole process from bidding, signing to service after the completion of the project. It is different from the narrow sense of architectural engineering. In a narrow sense, construction project management refers to a process from project signing to acceptance, settlement and delivery of working hours.
Keywords: construction project management, winning the bid
Introduction to 0
In today's tide of market economy, the competition of construction enterprises has reached a fever pitch. "Take more jobs and do a good job" is the knowledge of every enterprise. It is very important to strengthen construction management, and we must establish the concept of "doing a good job on site to win the market" and realize refined management. Based on years of working experience, this paper puts forward the following suggestions on how to manage engineering construction projects. The object of construction project management is the work in each stage of the life cycle of construction projects. Construction project in a broad sense refers to the whole process from bidding, signing to service after the completion of the project. It is different from the narrow sense of architectural engineering. In a narrow sense, construction project management refers to a process from project signing to acceptance, settlement and delivery of working hours. The construction project we are talking about at this time refers to the construction project management process in a broad sense. The life cycle of construction projects can be divided into five stages, which constitute the whole process of orderly management of construction projects.
1 bid
At the signing stage, the owner will make good preparations for the design and construction of the construction project, and will issue an advertisement (or invitation letter) after meeting the bidding conditions. After seeing the tender advertisement or invitation letter, the construction unit is essentially working on the construction project from making the tender decision to winning the bid and signing the contract. This is the first stage of the life cycle of a construction project, which can be called the project establishment stage. The ultimate management goal at this stage is to sign the project contract. At this stage, the main work is as follows: Construction enterprises make decisions on whether to bid for the project from the perspective of business strategy. After deciding to bid, I often get a lot of information from many aspects (enterprise itself, relevant units, market, site, etc.). ). Prepare a tender that can make the enterprise profitable and is expected to win the bid. For example, a set of bidding documents mainly includes: ① bidding letter: a, identification of legal representative; B, the bidding documents signed a power of attorney; C. letter of tender; Appendix to tender letter; E, engineering construction bid guarantee. (2) Business standard part: a. Description of tender offer; B. Total bid price; C. List of total project price; D, single project cost summary table; E, unit project cost summary table; F, partial bill of quantities valuation table; G, measures project list valuation table; H, other project list valuation table; I. Price list of main materials (items 5-9 of which preferably include civil engineering, water supply and drainage, heating, electric power and fire protection). (3) technical table: a. enterprise profile; B. Construction organization design: compilation basis; B. overview of the project; C construction deployment; D construction preparation; E construction methods and technical measures of main partial projects; Quality assurance measures; G safety production and civilized construction measures; H. environmental protection management measures; First, the appended drawings and schedules (must have attached drawings! ! ! )。 C. Project management organization configuration: a. Project management organization configuration table; B. auxiliary explanatory materials for the equipment of the project management organization. If the bid is won, the project contract shall be signed through consultation with the tenderer in accordance with the law, so that the contract conforms to the national laws, regulations and national plans, and conforms to the principles of equality and mutual benefit, equal value and compensation. After the construction unit signs a project contract with the owner and establishes a trading relationship, it should set up a project management department, and then take the project manager as the main body, cooperate with the operation and management of the enterprise and the owner, make construction preparations, so that the project has the basic conditions for commencement and continuous construction.
2 Construction preparation
At this stage, the following work is mainly carried out: the project management department is established, and the organization is established according to the needs of project management, with management personnel. Prepare the construction organization design, mainly including the construction plan, construction progress plan and construction plan, to guide the construction preparation and construction. Making a construction project management plan is a plan to guide the construction project management activities. Prepare the construction site, so that the site has the construction conditions, which is conducive to civilized construction. Prepare the application report for commencement and approve commencement.
3 Construction stage
This is an implementation process from start to finish. In this process, the project management department is both the decision-making body and the responsible body. The role of management, owners and supervision units is to support, supervise and coordinate. The goal of this stage is to complete all the construction tasks stipulated in the contract and reach the acceptance and handover conditions. At this stage, the following work is mainly carried out: construction is carried out according to the arrangement of construction organization design; Strive to do a good job of dynamic control in the construction process to ensure the realization of quality objectives, schedule objectives, cost objectives, safety objectives and saving objectives; Manage the construction site and implement civilized construction; Strictly implement the project contract, handle internal and external relations, and manage contract changes and claims; Do a good job of recording, coordination, inspection and analysis.
4 Acceptance, handover and settlement stage
This stage can be called the "final stage". Cooperate with the completion acceptance stage of the construction project. Its goal is to make an overall evaluation of the project results, settle debts and end the trading relationship.
4. 1 Self-inspection after completion (or pre-inspection after completion)
4. 1. 1 The standards for self-inspection by the construction unit are the same as those for formal acceptance, mainly as follows: the project meets the completion standards and completion regulations stipulated by the state (or local government authorities); Whether the project completion meets the use requirements of construction drawing design; Whether the project quality meets the standards and requirements stipulated by the state and local governments; Whether the project meets the requirements and standards stipulated in the contract, etc.
4. 1.2 The project manager shall organize the team leaders of production, technology, quality, contract, budget and related operations (or the builder and the person in charge of work number) to participate in the self-inspection.
4. 1.3 The self-inspection shall be carried out by the above-mentioned personnel layer by layer, segment by segment and room by room according to the contents of their supervisors. Records should be kept during inspection. For the parts and projects that do not meet the requirements, determine the repair measures and standards, designate special personnel to be responsible for regular repair.
4. 1.4 Re-inspection. On the basis of self-inspection by grass-roots construction units, after all the problems found are repaired, the project manager shall report to the superior for re-inspection (according to the general practice, national key projects and provincial and municipal key projects shall be reported to the superior unit at the head office level for re-inspection). Through re-inspection, all remaining problems should be solved and fully prepared for formal acceptance.
4.2 Formal acceptance
On the basis of self-inspection, it is confirmed that all the projects meet the completion acceptance standards, and the construction unit can start work together with the construction unit, design unit and supervision unit.
Type acceptance ① Issue the project completion report. The construction unit shall send the project completion report to the construction unit 10 days before the formal completion acceptance date. ② Organize the acceptance work. The construction unit invites the design unit, supervision unit and relevant parties to participate in the project completion acceptance, and conduct inspection and acceptance together with the construction unit. Large-scale construction projects listed as national key projects are often invited by relevant state ministries and commissions to form project acceptance committees for acceptance. (3) issue the project completion acceptance report and handle the project handover. After the construction unit has completed the acceptance and confirmed the requirements of the project completion standards and contract terms, it shall issue a project completion acceptance report to the construction unit. (4) Handle the handover of engineering files. (5) Go through the project handover procedures. After the project is completed and accepted, the construction unit shall handle the handover procedures and other fixed assets handover procedures item by item to the construction unit, and sign the handover acceptance certificate. We must go through the formalities of project settlement. The project settlement is proposed by the construction unit, and after being audited by the construction unit, both parties shall go through the settlement signing and recognition procedures. Once the project settlement procedures are completed, the economic relationship and legal responsibility between the construction unit and the construction unit will be terminated except that the construction unit undertakes the project warranty work.
5 user service stage
This is the last stage of construction project management. After the completion acceptance, after-sales service, return visit and warranty shall be carried out according to the responsibility period stipulated in the contract, in order to ensure the normal use of users and bring benefits into play. At this stage, the following tasks are mainly carried out: to ensure the normal use of the project, provide necessary technical advice and services. Pay a return visit to the project, listen to users' opinions, sum up experiences and lessons, observe the problems in use, and carry out necessary maintenance, repair and warranty. Observe the settlement and seismic performance, and serve the macro cause.
6 conclusion
In a word, fine construction management needs to build a first-class project team, quality management needs to build a "process" boutique, schedule control needs to be scientifically organized and arranged, safety management is the leading factor, site management is standardized, the overall management level of the project department is continuously improved through civilized site construction, cost control is strengthened, and the potential of cost control is maximized.