John? John Waston (1878) raised the banner of behavioral psychology for the first time in 19 13. He was the first person in the United States to take Pappu's research results as the basis of learning theory. In his view, learning is a process of establishing conditioned reflex with one stimulus instead of another. According to Watson, there are only a few conditioned reflexes (such as sneezing and knee jumping) and emotional reactions (such as fear, love and anger). ) As soon as human beings are born, all other behaviors are formed by establishing a new stimulus-response (S-R) connection through conditioned reflex. 19 13- 1930 is an early behaviorism period, which was founded by American psychologist Watson on the basis of Pavlov's conditioned reflex theory. He advocated that psychology should abandon too many subjective things such as consciousness and images, and only study observed stimuli and objectively measurable reactions. Regardless of the intermediate links, Watson called it "black-box operation." He believes that human behavior is acquired, and the environment determines a person's behavior pattern. Normal behavior and pathological behavior are obtained through learning, and can also be changed, increased or eliminated through learning. He believes that if we find out the regular relationship between environmental stimulus and behavioral response, we can predict the response according to the stimulus, or infer the stimulus according to the response, so as to predict and control the behavior of animals and people. In his view, behavior is a combination of various physical reactions used by organisms to adapt to environmental stimuli. Some of these reactions are manifested externally and some are hidden internally. In his eyes, there is no difference between humans and animals, and they all follow the same rules. Burrhus frederic skinner (1904— 1990) is one of the founders of new behavioral psychology. He was born in a station town in the northeast of Pennsylvania on March 20th, 1904. Skinner likes to invent and create since he was a child, and he is adventurous. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he and some friends drifted down the river in a canoe for 300 miles. He also trial-produced a simple glider, which once transformed an abandoned boiler into a steam cannon and shot potatoes and radishes on the neighbor's roof as shells. 1922 Skinner entered Hamilton College to major in English literature and began to write. Because he is deeply interested in the behavior of animals and humans, he took courses in biology, embryology and cat anatomy. Under the guidance of his biology teacher, he read Rob's Brain Physiology and Comparative Psychology, Pavlov's Conditioned Reflex and other scientific works, as well as Russell's Philosophical Principles and Watson's Behaviorism. These works have a great influence on his future academic achievements. Skinner 1926 graduated from Hamilton College and transferred to the Psychology Department of Harvard University. During his study at Harvard University, he made a very strict schedule for himself, and spent almost every minute studying psychology and physiology from 6 am to 9 pm. He doesn't go to the movies, he doesn't go to the theater, and he refuses all appointments. Many things happen. Skinner 1930 received a master's degree in psychology from Harvard University, and 193 1 received a doctorate in psychology. Since then, he has worked as a researcher in the institute of the school. 1937- 1945 teaches psychology at Minnesota state university, 1945- 1947 is the head of psychology department at Indiana university. From 65438 to 0947, he returned to Harvard University and served as a tenured professor in the Department of Psychology, engaged in experimental research on behavior and its control.