In recent years, there has been a headache in mathematics teaching: students lose interest in mathematics, their knowledge is seriously broken, their grades are polarized, and the number of underachievers is increasing; Especially in the eighth grade. It is impossible to eliminate underachievers, but as a math teacher, it is our bounden duty to carefully analyze the causes of underachievers, take effective measures, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, minimize the gap, stimulate students' inherent potential, let students actively participate in learning, and make them enter the ranks of outstanding students as soon as possible. 1. Causes of polarization 1. Psychological factors of students As we know, the intelligence difference of most students is not obvious, and the reason leading to the two-level differentiation of students is psychological lack of interest in learning and weak will to learn. Compared with primary schools, junior high school mathematics is more difficult, with obvious changes in teaching methods, less teacher guidance, more subjects and enhanced students' autonomy. If they are weak in learning will, once they encounter difficulties and setbacks, they will shrink back and even lose confidence, leading to a decline in their grades. 2. Subject Characteristics Factors From the perspective of subject characteristics, learning mathematics cannot replace understanding with memory like other subjects, and students need to form a systematic mathematical cognitive structure to provide the necessary cognitive basis for subsequent learning. If students can't meet the requirements of what they have learned before and master the knowledge in time, it will inevitably become a weak link in the later learning process, thus failing to keep up with the learning process and leading to differentiation. 3. Learning Requirements Factors From the perspective of mathematics learning requirements, junior high school mathematics, especially the second grade, has significantly improved the requirements for students' abstract thinking ability, while the second grade students are in a critical period of transition from "intuitive thinking" to "logical thinking", which is easy to show the difference in mathematics acceptance ability, thus leading to two levels of differentiation. Second, measures to reduce polarization So how to transform underachievers? Based on my teaching practice, this paper talks about some methods of transforming underachievers and reducing polarization in mathematics teaching. 1. Cultivate learning interest and stimulate learning motivation and desire. "Interest is the best teacher." To improve students' interest in learning, teachers should carefully design teaching interests, fully tap teaching materials, set suspense and stimulate students' curiosity; Guide students to use what they have learned to solve practical problems around them, so as to experience the fun of success, stimulate students' interest in learning, and make students have a strong desire for knowledge and learn actively. 2. Trust encourages students to enhance the learning ability, will and self-confidence of underachievers. In teaching, we should take the initiative to approach students, treat students equally, sincerely help students, give enthusiastic guidance, find students' bright spots, praise them in time, establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, treat students sincerely, and make students willing to accept teachers' education and help. Starting with care, love and encouragement, we can make them catch up with the general level in their studies and make students make progress step by step. At the same time, the textbook combines the stories of scholars' efforts to become talents at all times and at all times, encouraging and helping them to establish confidence in overcoming difficulties, enhancing students' will and cultivating students' ability. 3. Lower the starting point, step by step, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Most of the underachievers are not solid in basic knowledge, and their knowledge is scattered and unsystematic. Therefore, teachers should lower the starting point of teaching, reduce the slope and arrange the progress reasonably. At the same time, timely feedback information, patient counseling for each underachiever, students' simple questions are right, the teacher should affirm them in time, and then let him try to do what everyone has done or give a little guidance, and then encourage him in time when he is right. According to different situations, teaching at different levels and in accordance with their aptitude has gradually improved the achievements of underachievers and narrowed the gap. 4. Teach students learning methods, strengthen the training of logical thinking, and cultivate some underachievers. They have spent a lot of effort in mathematics learning, but their academic performance is not ideal because they have not mastered better learning methods. Therefore, teachers should consciously cultivate students' correct view of mathematics, and strengthen the guidance of learning methods and psychological counseling in the teaching process. At the same time, in view of the problem that the logical thinking ability of underachievers is not suitable for mathematics learning, teachers should design the teaching process as a process in which students actively explore knowledge under the guidance of teachers, so that students can gradually master the thinking methods of analysis, comparison, induction, transformation and synthesis in their learning, and gradually have the ability of correct judgment, reasoning, abstraction and summary. 5. Strengthen self-cultivation and enhance personality charm. The ancients said that "only by being close to the teacher can you believe in your own teaching". Teachers want students to like the subjects they teach, first of all, let students like themselves. Therefore, teachers must constantly strengthen their self-cultivation, enhance their personality charm, constantly update their concepts in teaching, learn lessons, study and reform teaching materials and methods, and win students' respect and love your class with their teaching ability. In short, as long as we clearly understand the causes of polarization in students' mathematics teaching and adopt scientific and effective methods and measures, we will certainly be able to reduce polarization, increase eugenics and make mathematics teaching more harmonious.