This book is one of the "Exchange Series of Mathematical Science, Culture and Thought". The book is divided into 12 chapters, which discusses the relationship between mathematics and economy. The specific contents include economics that mathematics and mathematics can study, optimal allocation of planning and market resources, welfare economics and social choice, uncertainty in economics, competition and mutual benefit in commodity exchange, etc. This book can be used as a teaching material for colleges and universities, and also as a reference book for people engaged in related work.