Hua (19 10~ 1985), mathematician, academician of China Academy of Sciences. 191010 65438 was born in Jintan, Jiangsu province, and 1985 12 died in Tokyo, Japan.

Hua used to be a naughty boy, but he was very talented in mathematics. Once, the math teacher worked out a famous math problem in ancient China-there was one thing, I don't know how many. Three places and three places, with a surplus of 2; 5 digits, 5 numbers, and the remaining 3; Seven numbers of seven, leaving two. How much is this thing? After the topic came out, the students talked about it, and no one could tell. The teacher was about to speak when Hua raised his hand and said, "I have worked it out." It is 23. " Not only did he get the numbers right, but the algorithm was also very special. This surprised the teacher greatly.

However, the clever boy dropped out of school after finishing middle school because his family was poor. He returned home and did business in his small grocery store, selling cigarettes, needle and thread, etc., and shouldered the burden of bringing home the bacon for his father. However, Hua still loves mathematics. If you can't go to school, try to learn by yourself. On one occasion, he borrowed some math books from his teacher, and became fascinated when he saw them. From then on, he studied mathematics while doing business and accounting. Sometimes he is so absorbed in reading that he forgets to say hello when people buy things. In the evening, after the shop closed, he wandered around the kingdom of mathematics wholeheartedly. For a whole year, I spent more than ten hours studying the borrowed math books almost every day. Sometimes when I sleep until midnight and think of a solution to a difficult math problem, he will definitely turn over, light a small oil lamp and write down the solution.

At this time, he got typhoid fever. He stayed in bed for half a year and finally recovered his life, but his left foot was disabled for life. Puzzled by poverty and disease, Hua still devoted all his energy to mathematical research, and published several important papers one after another, which attracted the attention of Professor Xiong Qinglai of Tsinghua University.

From 65438 to 0932, with the help of Professor Xiong Qinglai, Hua went to the Mathematics Department of Tsinghua University and became an administrator. He wants to do a few things by himself, but he continues to teach himself courses, and he also teaches himself English and German, so he can write papers in English.

1936 Visiting study at Cambridge University, UK. 1938 became a professor in The National SouthWest Associated University after returning to China. From 65438 to 0946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China from 65438 to 0950. He has served as Professor Tsinghua University, director and honorary director of Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, chairman and honorary chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society, director of National Mathematical Competition Committee, foreign academician of American National Academy of Sciences, academician of Third World Academy of Sciences, academician of Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany, deputy director, vice president and presidium member of physics department, mathematics and chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, director and vice president of mathematics department of China University of Science and Technology, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and member of the State Council Academic Degree Committee. He served as a member of the the NPC Standing Committee for one to six sessions and vice-chairman of the Sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference. He was awarded honorary doctorates by Nancy University in France, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois in the United States. Mainly engaged in the research and teaching of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields, and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1940s, the historical problem of Gaussian complete trigonometric sum estimation was solved, and the best error order estimation was obtained (this result is widely used in number theory). The results of G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood on the Welling problem and E. Wright on the Tully problem have been greatly improved and are still the best records.

In algebra, the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry left over from history for a long time is proved. This paper gives a simple and direct proof that the normal child of an object must be contained in its center, which is Hua theorem. His monograph "On Prime Numbers of Pile Foundations" systematically summarizes, develops and perfects Hardy and Littlewood's circle method, vinogradov's triangle sum estimation method and his own method. Its main achievements still occupy the leading position in the world after more than 40 years of publication, and have been translated into Russian, Hungarian, Japanese, German and English, becoming one of the classic works of number theory in the 20th century. His monograph "Harmonic Analysis on Typical Fields of Multiple Complex Variables" gives the complete orthogonal system of typical fields with accurate analysis and matrix skills, combined with group representation theory, and thus gives the expressions of Cauchy and Poisson kernel. This work has a wide and deep influence on harmonic analysis, complex analysis and differential equations, and won the first prize of China Natural Science Award. Advocating the development of applied mathematics and computer, he has published many books such as Master Planning Method and Optimization Research, which have been popularized in China. In cooperation with Professor Wang Yuan, he has made important achievements in the application research of modern number theory methods, which is called "Hua Wang Fa". He made great contributions to the development of mathematics education and the popularization of science. He has published more than 200 research papers and dozens of monographs and popular science works.

Liu Hui (born around 250 AD) is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics, and also occupies a prominent position in the history of world mathematics. His representative works "Nine Arithmetic Notes" and "Calculation on the Island" are the most precious mathematical heritages of China. Jia Xian Jia Xian was an outstanding mathematician in ancient China during the Northern Song Dynasty. The Nine Chapters of Yellow Emperor's Arithmetic Fine Grass (nine volumes) and Arithmetic Ancient Collection (two volumes) have been lost. His main contribution is to create the "Jiaxian Triangle" and the method of multiplication and multiplication, which is the positive root method for finding the higher power. At present, the principle and procedure of mixed division in middle school mathematics are similar, while the multiplication and division method is more neat, simple and programmed than the traditional method, so it shows its superiority, especially when it comes to high power. This method was put forward more than 700 years before the conclusion of European mathematician Horner. Qin Jiushao (about 1202- 126 1) was born in Anyue, Sichuan. He was once an official in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, and was demoted to Meizhou (now Meixian County, Guangdong Province) around 126 1, and soon died. He, Yang Hui and Zhu Shijie are also called the four great mathematicians in Song and Yuan Dynasties. In his early years in Hangzhou, he visited the Taishi and learned mathematics from a hermit. 1247, he wrote the famous Shu Shu Jiu Zhang. The book "Shu Shu Jiu Zhang" has a total of 18 volumes and 8 1 title, which is divided into nine categories. Its most important achievements in mathematics-"the sum of large calculations" (a solution of congruence group) and "the solution of positive and negative square roots" (a numerical solution of higher-order equations) made this Song Dynasty arithmetic classic occupy a prominent position in the history of medieval mathematics. Ye Li Ye Li (1 192- 1279), formerly known as Li Zhi, was born in Luancheng, Jin Dynasty. He used to be the governor of Zhou Jun (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). Zhou Jun was destroyed by the Mongolian army in 1232, so he lived in seclusion and was studied by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. 1248 was written in "Circular Sea Mirror", the main purpose of which is to explain the method of arranging equations with astronomical elements. "Astrology" is similar to the column equation method in modern algebra. "Let Tianyuan be so-and-so" is equivalent to "Let X be so-and-so", which can be said to be an attempt of symbolic algebra. Another mathematical work by Ye Li, Yi Gu Yan Duan (1259), also explains Heaven. Zhu Shijie (1300 or so), whose real name is Yanshan (near Beijing today), "traveled around the lake and sea with famous mathematicians for more than 20 years" and "gathered scholars by following the door" ("Mo Ruo and Zu Yi: Four Lessons"). Zhu Shijie's representative works in mathematics include "Arithmetic Enlightenment" (1299) and "Meeting with the Source" (1303). "Arithmetic Enlightenment" is a well-known mathematical masterpiece, which spread overseas and influenced the development of mathematics in Korea and Japan. "Meeting with the source of thinking" is another symbol of the peak of China's mathematics in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, among which the most outstanding mathematical creations are "thinking about the source" (formulation and elimination of multivariate higher-order equations), "superposition" (higher-order arithmetic progression summation) and "seeking differences" (higher-order interpolation). Zu Chongzhi (AD 429-500) was born in Hebei Province. He is not only a mathematician, but also familiar with astronomical calendar, machinery manufacturing, music and other fields, and is an astronomer. Zu Chongzhi's main achievement in mathematics is the calculation of pi, which is 3. 14 15926.