1. Title: Be concise, clear and general, with no more than 20 words (different institutions may have different requirements). 2. Abstract: It needs to be highly summarized, and the language is concise and clear. The Chinese abstract is about 100-200 words (different institutions may have different requirements); 3. Keywords: Choose 3-5 words from the title or text of the paper (different institutions may require different things) as keywords. 4. Contents: Write the contents and indicate the page numbers. 5. Text: Generally, the number of words in the text of a university graduation thesis should be more than 3,000 words (different institutions may have different requirements). Text of graduation thesis: including preface, thesis and conclusion. The preface is the first part of the paper, which mainly explains the purpose, practical significance and understanding of the research problems, and puts forward the central argument of the paper. The preface should be concise, not too long. This thesis is the main body of graduation thesis, including research contents and methods, experimental materials, experimental results and analysis (discussion). In this part, we should use various research methods and experimental results to analyze problems, demonstrate opinions, and try our best to reflect our scientific research ability and academic level. The conclusion is the conclusion part of the graduation thesis, which is a conclusion made around this theory. Its basic point is to summarize the full text and deepen the meaning of the problem. 6. Thank you: briefly describe my experience in writing my graduation thesis, and express my gratitude to the instructor and the relevant personnel who assisted in completing the thesis. 7. References: At the end of the graduation thesis, the monographs, papers and other materials cited in the thesis should be listed, and the listed references should be arranged in the order of references or citations. 8. Notes: In the process of writing the thesis, some problems need to be elaborated and explained outside the text. 9. Appendix: Some contents that are not suitable for the text but have reference value can be incorporated into the appendix.
Graduation thesis is a link in the process of teaching and scientific research, and it is also an important way to assess and evaluate academic performance. The purpose of graduation thesis is to summarize students' learning achievements in school, cultivate students' ability to comprehensively and creatively use all the professional knowledge and skills they have learned to solve more complicated problems, and enable students to receive basic training in scientific research.
I. Title
The title is the eye of the article. The titles of various articles have many styles, but no matter what form, they always reflect the author's writing intention and the main idea of the article in all or different aspects. The title of graduation thesis is generally divided into general title, sub-title and sub-title. (1) The general title is the embodiment of the overall content of the article. Common writing methods are: ① revealing the essence of the theme. This title form, which highly summarizes the content of the full text, is often the central argument of the article. It has a high degree of clarity, which is convenient for readers to grasp the core of the full text. Such titles are many and common. For example, on economic system model, on economic center, and my opinion on the reform of county-level administrative institutions. 2 types of questions. In fact, the author's point of view is very clear, but the meaning is euphemistic and needs readers to think. This title form is easy to attract readers' attention because of its implied point of view. For example, "Is the family contract system a single job?" Is commodity economy equal to capitalist economy? "and so on. (2) explain the scope of content. This form of title, from its own point of view, does not see the author's point of view, but only limits the scope of the article. On the one hand, it is difficult to summarize the main points of the article in one sentence; On the other hand, explaining the scope of the content of the article can attract the attention of peers and readers to attract * * *. This form of address is also very common. For example, the two-tier management system in rural areas of China, the correct handling of the relationship between the central and local governments, the relationship between departments and blocks, and the analysis of post-war western trade liberalization. (4) use judgment sentences. This title form limits the content of the full text and is flexible. The research object of this paper is specific and small, but the extended ideas must be strong and broad. This kind of title focuses on small things and big things, which is conducive to the expansion of scientific thinking and scientific research. For example, we can see the light of hope in rural China from the rise of township enterprises, scientific and technological progress and agricultural economy, and see the essence of beauty from the perspective of creating beauty through labor. ⑤ Use visualized sentences. Such as inspiring governance system, dawn in the history of science and technology, and shining theory. There are many styles of titles, and the author can make bold innovations in practice. (II) Subtitles and Subtitles In order to point out the research object, content and purpose of the paper, the general title is supplemented and explained, and some papers can also be subtitled. In particular, some argumentative papers generally have a subtitle, such as adding a subtitle such as "discussing with XX" under the general title. In addition, in order to emphasize a key point of the paper, a subtitle can be added. For example, how to look at the current labor remuneration difference-also talk about the bourgeois rights in distribution according to work, develop protein resources and improve the utilization efficiency of protein-and explore a development strategy to solve the problem of eating. The main purpose of setting the subtitle is to clearly show the level of the article. Some use words, which generally express the central content of this level; Some also use numbers, which only indicate the order of "one, two, three", and play the role of connecting the preceding with the following. It should be noted that no matter which form is adopted, it should be closely related to the content of the level and closely related to the top and bottom.
Second, the directory
Generally speaking, long graduation thesis has no subtitle. Papers with subheadings generally have a table of contents because of their multi-level content and complex theoretical system. The main purpose of setting the directory is: 1. Make readers have a general understanding of the content and structure of the full text before reading the paper, so that readers can decide whether to read it, whether to read it intensively or skim it. 2. It is convenient for readers to choose a sub-argument in the text. A long paper has many sub-arguments besides the central argument. When readers need to know more about a sub-argument, they can rely on the table of contents to save time. The table of contents is usually placed in front of the text of the paper, so it is the guide map of the paper. In order to make the directory really play the role of a guide map, we must pay attention to: 1. Accuracy. The content must be consistent with the outline of the full text. In other words, the title, subtitle and content of this paper are one-to-one correspondence. 2. Clear and correct. The table of contents should be marked with the page number of the table of contents one by one in the text. Page numbers must be clear and correct. 3. complete. Because the table of contents is the guide map of the paper, it must be complete. In other words, all the contents of the article should be reflected in the catalogue and must not be omitted. There are two basic types of directories: 1. A directory expressed in words. 2. Digital catalogue. This kind of catalogue is rare. However, it is easy for readers to read long speeches, and some of them use this method.
Three. Platform for action
Abstract is the epitome of the full text. Here, the author outlines the overall appearance of the full text with extremely economical pen and ink; Put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper, and briefly describe the framework of the full text. Abstract is an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper. The purpose of writing the abstract is: 1. In order to make the instructor have a general understanding of the main contents of the paper before reviewing the full text of the paper, and know the main results and main logical order of the research. 2. In order to let other readers understand the problems studied by the author by reading the executive summary, if there is a curse, they should read the full text further. Here, the abstract has become an "advertisement" to recommend papers to many readers. Therefore, it is necessary to prompt the main points of the paper so that readers can understand the main points of the paper at a glance. The abstract of the paper should be concise and comprehensive, and should not be too verbose to grasp the main points or just a few dry ribs, lacking materials to explain the views. Executive summary can be divided into reportable summary and indicative summary. The report summary mainly introduces the main methods and results of the study and the analysis of the results, and gives a comprehensive hint to the content of the article. Indicative summary only briefly describes the research results (data, opinions, opinions, conclusions, etc.). ), and does not involve research means, methods, processes, etc. Graduation thesis generally adopts indicative abstract.
Fourth, key words
Keyword is a subject word that marks the key theme content of literature, but it has not been standardized. It is a word or term selected from a paper for document indexing to express the main contents and information items of the full text. A paper can choose 3 ~ 8 words as keywords.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) text
Generally speaking, the content of the theme of academic papers should include the following three aspects: 1. Facts (examples or phenomena of language, culture, literature, education, society, thoughts, etc. obtained through my actual investigation). The factual basis put forward shall be objective and true, and the source shall be indicated when necessary; 2. Relevant statements of predecessors (including the investigation methods, investigation processes and conclusions of predecessors). In theoretical analysis, we should clearly distinguish other people's views from my own. Whether directly or indirectly citing the achievements of others, the source should be indicated; 3. My analysis, discussion and conclusion, etc. Combine the factual basis, predecessors' achievements and my own analysis organically, and pay attention to the logical relationship between them.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
The conclusion should be the final and overall conclusion of the graduation thesis, in other words, the conclusion should be the end and destination of the whole thesis, not the conclusion of a local problem or a branch problem, nor the simple repetition of each paragraph of the summary. The conclusion is that the conclusion of this paper should reflect the author's deeper understanding, and it is a new academic general concept and general view drawn from all the materials of the whole paper through logical analysis processes such as reasoning, judgment and induction. Conclusion The word "conclusion" can be used, which requires a concise and accurate explanation of one's creative work or new viewpoint, its significance and function, and also puts forward problems and suggestions that need further discussion. Conclusion should be accurate, complete, clear and concise. The writing content of this part should generally include the following aspects: 1. What does the result of this study show? 2. What amendments, supplements, developments, confirmations or denials have been made to the previous viewpoints? 3. Shortcomings or unsolved problems in this study, and possible key points and directions for solving these problems.
Seven. refer to
References (tables) should be listed at the back of academic papers for three purposes, namely: 1. In order to reflect the real scientific basis; 2. In order to reflect a serious scientific attitude, distinguish one's own views or achievements from those of others; 3. In order to show respect for the scientific achievements of predecessors, we should also indicate the source of the cited materials for easy retrieval. The writing of graduation thesis should be based on a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude. If others' achievements are cited, they should be listed in the references in the order in which they appear in the papers, and only the relevant works and papers cited or referenced in the paper should be listed. References should list the main references directly cited in the order in which they appear in the text.
Eight, please.
According to the provisions of GB77 13-87, the words of thanks can be placed at the end of the article, reflecting the thanks to the following aspects: National Science Foundation, scholarship funds supporting research work, contracting units, enterprises, organizations or individuals funded and supported; Organizations or individuals that assist in the completion of research work and provide convenient conditions; Someone who gives advice and help in research work; Owners of materials, pictures, documents, research ideas and ideas that have the right to reprint and quote; Thanks to other organizations and individuals. In our graduation thesis, we mainly thank the tutor and the people and units who have made direct contributions and help to the thesis work.
Nine. appendix
For some contents that are not suitable to be put into the text, but are an essential part of the graduation thesis or have important reference value, they can be included in the appendix of the graduation thesis. Such as original questionnaires, data, charts and their descriptions.