Cellular network can be divided into analog cellular network and digital cellular network, and the main difference lies in the way of transmitting information.
Cellular network consists of three parts: mobile station, base station subsystem and network subsystem. Mobile station is a kind of network terminal equipment, such as mobile phone or some cellular industrial control equipment. The base station subsystem includes mobile base station (tower), wireless transceiver equipment, private network (usually optical fiber), wireless digital equipment and so on. The base station subsystem can be regarded as a converter between wireless network and wired network.
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The reason why cellular networks are widely used stems from a mathematical conclusion that planes are covered by circles with the same radius. When the center of a regular hexagon grid is at the center of each regular hexagon, that is, when the center is at the grid point of a regular triangle grid, the number of circles used is the least. ?
Although using a graph with the least number of nodes to cover the largest area is still an unknown problem to be solved, it is usually reasonable to use a circle to express the actual demand in communication even if the nodes are required to be on a grid with translation characteristics like a grid, so in order to save the equipment construction cost, regular triangular grid or simple hexagonal grid is the best choice.
The concept of cellular solved the problem of limited frequency resources in mobile communication, which directly led to the great development of mobile communication after 1980s. But the concept of beehive is also limited. The main problem now is that the cell can not be divided indefinitely, which leads to the inability to further improve the system capacity and hinders the further development of mobile communication.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-cellular network