Different from the past, this year is also called "the first year of the new college entrance examination". The new college entrance examination will be held in Zhejiang and Shanghai, and the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination has entered a critical moment. Since 1977 resumed the college entrance examination system, the college entrance examination proposition and enrollment system have been continuously adjusted and optimized. This time, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made up their minds to launch a brand-new top-level design from top to bottom, which is considered to be an important reform and a big change in the 40 years since the college entrance examination was resumed.
What new challenges will the new college entrance examination bring? How to "refer" to the comprehensive quality evaluation? What changes will the new college entrance examination bring? The reporter conducted an in-depth visit on issues of general concern to the society.
Where is the "new" in the "new college entrance examination"
A brief review of the reform process. From September 2065438 to September 2004, the State Council issued the Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System, and identified Shanghai and Zhejiang as pilot provinces and cities for the comprehensive reform of the national college entrance examination, which provided a basis for the reform of the college entrance examination in other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The two places soon introduced a pilot program for comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, which was implemented from the first year high school students who entered school in the fall of 20 14. To some extent, how to change and what to change the college entrance examination in Shanghai and Zhejiang is the vane of the national college entrance examination reform.
A brief summary of the college entrance examination reform programs in the two places shows that two abbreviations stand out-"two basics and one reference" and "3+3". The so-called "3+3" means that from 20 17, the college entrance examination results are composed of three unified college entrance examination results of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages and three self-selected examination subjects, which are the basic basis for college admission. Among them, Chinese, Mathematics and Foreign Languages scored 150, Shanghai scored 70, and Zhejiang scored 100. At the same time, the two places are no longer divided into arts and sciences.
For colleges and universities, the standard of enrollment has changed from simply looking at the results of the college entrance examination in the past to the results of the college entrance examination in three subjects and the academic level examination in three optional subjects (that is, "3+3"). In addition, we should also refer to the comprehensive quality evaluation of senior high school students, that is, "two basics and one reference" In this regard, a person in charge of college enrollment said, "The traditional college entrance examination is like a table of rice. The way it is now is a bit like a buffet. Choosing your favorite dishes provides opportunities and rights. " In addition, the foreign language test is changed from once a year to twice a year, so you can choose better grades to be included in the total score of the college entrance examination.
What new challenges does the "new college entrance examination" bring?
The new college entrance examination, the diversity of examination subjects, and the way of volunteering and admission are very different from the past. This has brought new challenges to candidates, universities and examination institutes in both places.
The reporter learned that in the past, there were almost only three modes for major universities to recruit students in Shanghai: only arts and sciences, only science, and both arts and sciences. For candidates, the 1 of "3+ 1" is just a "small station", and only one "political and historical place" of liberal arts and one "physics and chemistry student" of science are selected. Now it has become a "six-choice three" regardless of arts and sciences. According to the permutation and combination algorithm, students' scores are varied, and some people have calculated as many as 15 to 20.
For universities, different majors have different requirements for candidates' subjects, which increases the difficulty of candidates to some extent. We should balance and weigh our own interests with the requirements of universities. According to the plan announced recently, there are 1096 specific majors or disciplines in 37 universities in Shanghai. Among more than a thousand professional categories, there are 14 colleges and universities, and 655 majors (categories) are not subject-limited. Physics is the most frequently chosen subject, accounting for 37.9% of the total; Followed by chemistry, accounting for 30.7%; Life science accounts for 20.3%. Candidates only need to meet any one of 1 subjects, that is, they meet the conditions for applying for this major (category). For example, the history major of Fudan University requires that the subjects to be selected are history, politics and geography, that is, candidates can meet the conditions for taking any exam. The most stringent is to limit 1 subject. For example, Shanghai Jiaotong University requires candidates to apply for the science major of the school and must have an additional course in physics.
Voluntary reporting and admission links are also different from the past. Zhejiang Province changed from volunteering and batch admission to volunteering and batch admission according to candidates' scores. From school parallel volunteer to professional parallel volunteer. Ordinary college entrance examination candidates can fill in 80 professional parallel volunteer and professional parallel volunteer, according to the candidates' ranking and voluntary order. The computer searches the candidates' 80 volunteers in turn. Once they meet the requirements for filing, they will file directly in the college, and the subsequent volunteers will be invalidated at the same time. Shanghai regards "professional groups of colleges and universities" as the basic unit for volunteering to fill in and file admission, and each candidate can choose up to 24 "professional groups of colleges and universities" in the ordinary undergraduate batch. "College Specialty Group" is set up by colleges and universities enrolling students in Shanghai according to the requirements of elective subjects of different majors (including majors or professional categories) and the needs of personnel training. A university can set up one or more "college professional groups", and each professional group contains a different number of majors. The requirements for elective subjects of all majors in the same "college professional group" must be the same, and the majors in the same "college professional group" can be adjusted.
The "new college entrance examination" may make candidates more anxious when choosing subjects and filling in their volunteers. After all, it is difficult for candidates to understand the characteristics and direction of each major. However, "the new scheme is sending a signal to the outside world in the process of volunteering-candidates, parents and schools should pay more attention to students' personality growth and development needs." Chen Jun, principal of Shanghai North Middle School, introduced. Of course, in order to reduce the chances that candidates miss a good school or major because they are unfamiliar with the rules and make mistakes in volunteering, Shanghai has implemented two new methods: volunteering after the results of the college entrance examination are announced and soliciting volunteers twice.
"Through selection, students can develop in an all-round way and have personality, so that colleges and universities can find talents suitable for professional training goals. Realize' learn what you are good at, test what you are good at and record what you want'. For young students, learning to choose and being good at choosing is not only a necessary condition for coping with the college entrance examination, but also an' examination question' that they must face during their growth. " The relevant person in charge of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education said. "The role of outstanding choice is to hope that candidates can start from their own ambitions and interests as much as possible, think about what kind of university to choose, what major to study, and pay attention to growth planning." Chen Jun believes.
Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute suggests that candidates should do their homework before filling in the new college entrance examination volunteers: carefully read the annual enrollment plans of colleges and universities in Zhejiang Province, and refer to the requirements for candidates in the enrollment regulations of colleges and universities reported that year, such as physical examination, foreign language, single subject scores, comprehensive quality evaluation, etc. , to see if they meet the requirements. Combined with learning interest, professional orientation and future development planning, comprehensive consideration, careful choice.
What new changes have been brought about by the "New College Entrance Examination"
The comprehensive reform scheme system of college entrance examination looks very complicated, but the value behind it is clear-encouraging students' individualized needs and diversified choices of colleges and universities, while ensuring the fairness and scientificity of the system.
Taking liberal arts as an example, the concepts of "liberal arts students" and "science students" which are black and white will eventually fade out after more than 30 years of existence. Moreover, with the implementation of "3+3", previously unpopular disciplines such as life science, geography and history have become "hot" in the context of the separation of arts and sciences, so that teachers in some schools are nervous about geography and other disciplines, and there is a phenomenon that several schools "monopolize" resources and teachers "walk away" to teach.
Similarly, Shanghai's college entrance examination enrollment unit is no longer a school but a "college professional group", which also reflects the encouragement of students' personalized choice. Ye, Vice President of Shanghai Universities of Applied Sciences, introduced the school as an example. This year, the school has set up four "professional groups of colleges and universities", namely, "materialized students, materialized history, materialized land and infinite", and each professional group contains several categories and more. For example, architecture major belongs to engineering, but it has the characteristics of combining technology and art, so it belongs to "materialized history" professional group. "In this way, candidates can not only rely on the advantages of science, but also use the advantages of literature and history to enter this major."
Many university admissions officials said that this change will help to improve the matching between universities and candidates. For candidates, it means more choices-you can give priority to schools or majors; For colleges and universities, it can highlight the characteristics of running a school. Ding, assistant to the president of Fudan University and director of the Admissions Office, said that not only the number of candidates who can fill in their volunteers has increased, but more importantly, it has brought about qualitative changes in the interest cultivation, potential mining and learning style transformation of future high school students. Liao Zongting, director of the Admissions Office of Tongji University, said: "Under the traditional model, there is a tendency that you can't recruit people without recruiting people. The professional group system has broken the original concept of school scores, and each professional group in colleges and universities has its own admission scores, which is helpful for colleges and disciplines to highlight their own school-running characteristics.
After the implementation of the "New College Entrance Examination", whether the comprehensive quality evaluation can be objective and scientific is a common concern of candidates. This new bright spot of college entrance examination reform aims to objectively and truly record students' comprehensive performance as an important reference for colleges and universities in the admission process. In the eyes of many educators, introducing comprehensive quality evaluation into the college entrance examination is a "subversive approach to completely break the score theory." Zhou Hong, director of the Admissions Office of China, nyu shanghai, believes that the enrollment of world-class universities adheres to a concept: students are required not only to have excellent academic performance, but also to have outstanding performance in comprehensive qualities such as club activities, scientific and technological innovation and sports competitions.
According to Zheng Fangxian, president of Shanghai Education Examinations Institute, the baton of college entrance examination must be used well in education reform. In the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, regardless of arts and sciences, academic level examination scheme and comprehensive quality evaluation report are all aimed at the increasingly serious tendency of partial subjects and the weakening of social practice in student training. "Increase listening and speaking content in senior high school English teaching; Mathematics test papers are not divided into arts and sciences, but pay attention to the mathematical foundation and thinking of senior high school students; The rigid requirement of comprehensive quality evaluation urges more schools to regard social practice as the basic content of high school education ... The reform of college entrance examination system drives educational reform, and the goal of high school students growing up according to the ideal model can be realized. This is the change we want to see. " Zheng Fangxian said.
The same is true in Zhejiang. In the past three years, Zhejiang Province has been deeply involved in the "experimental field" of college entrance examination reform. From the perspective of enrollment system, the enrollment selection pattern of classified examination, comprehensive evaluation and multiple admission has basically formed; From the perspective of students' growth, highlight individualized development and expand students' right to choose; For high school education, it has promoted the curriculum reform of high school, and the idea of educating people based on student development and the idea of selective education have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. For higher education, the urgency of enrollment selection and specialty construction is enhanced, which forces colleges and universities to optimize professional institutions, strengthen specialty construction and deepen teaching reform.