Editor's Note: Recently, Godzilla vs Kong used the "hollow earth theory" and regarded the center of the earth as the hometown of Titan, but did you know? The hollow earth theory was put forward by the famous astronomer edmund halley! This conjecture is not only reasonable, but also promotes human beings to explore the secrets of the center of the earth.

Everything is a conspiracy of new knowledge. Com "discusses the ins and outs of various conspiracy theories with you! The theory of "hollow earth" is not a conspiracy theory, but the various statements derived from it are better than conspiracy theories. The United States did send an expedition to try to find the entrance to the polar center.

People with scientific minds should hate conspiracy theories, right? Some are funny and nonsense, and some are serious enough to make you frown and start to doubt yourself. You may ask, "Why do you have these ideas? But no matter in which era, conspiracy theories will exist to challenge the facts full of evidence, and what we can do is not only to constantly complete the appearance of facts and theories, but also to ask ourselves from these conspiracy theories, "Is there any reason behind this? " 」

The true face of the interior of the earth. If Sciencephoto puts the "hollow earth theory" into modern times, it will definitely be laughed at by everyone! But 330 years ago, even the greatest astronomers believed in it.

In the past, there was no conclusion about the internal structure of the earth, and various opinions existed in myths and beliefs. The first person to guess the internal structure of the earth with evidence was edmund halley, a famous British astronomer at the end of17th century, who boldly put forward the theory that the earth is actually hollow.

Edmund Hailey, an astronomer who calculates the period of Hailey satellite. Wikipedia Harley's romantic conjecture Harley found that the earth's magnetic field is actually not as "stable" as imagined. Near the polar regions, the compass can't point accurately. In order to explain this phenomenon, he boldly assumed that the center of the earth is hollow ... More specifically, in fact, the interior of the earth is a large cavity with three concentric balls that are not in contact with each other. From the outside to the inside, referring to Venus, Mars and Mercury respectively, Harley also refers to Saturn's ring principle, inferring that these spherical shells are suspended by centrifugal force and gravity and will not collide. It is these floating internal spherical shells that cause the change of the earth's magnetic field.

Harley hollow earth concept map? . * * * In the face of this multi-layered earth, are there only the outermost creatures? Harley boldly said, "There is life on these inner spherical shells. The whole earth structure is like a multi-storey building created by God, and different floors have different lives. (In fact, the monster universe series movies are also based on this, and these places are the hometown of Titan. )

In the monster universe of Warner Film Company, the inner world where the Titans live. In order to improve the theory of hollowing out the earth, Gojipedia proposed that the spherical shell contains "salt water" to prevent the surface ocean from being drained to the bottom by glassy particles, and put forward a hypothesis in 17 16 that influenced the modern theory of hollowing out the earth. Aurora is luminous steam ejected from a big hole in the polar region.

The magical hollow theory of the earth was born in this way, and even Harley himself was a little unbelievable. He wrote in the record of 1692: "Readers may immediately condemn such an exaggerated and romantic assumption until I find enough evidence to support it. 」

Harley has just written a scientific masterpiece "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" with his good friend isaac newton. Naturalis Principia Mathematica), compared with the "mathematical principle of natural philosophy", which is the cornerstone of modern scientific research, Harley's theory of hollowing out the earth without enough experimental methods is, to some extent, the first predictive hypothesis in the history of modern science, not a "conspiracy theory". After all, there is nothing against the cognitive facts at that time, just a scientist's brain hole.

Naturalist nonsense, but to be honest, the idea that the earth is hollow is not unique to Harley. For example, at the same time in the Germanic region, an all-round naturalist named Tanach kircher also published a book called "Mundus Subterraneus", which mentioned that there was actually a big hole in the middle of the earth, which might be like a stalactite hole, but it was just that.

Tanach and Oskiel painted the interior of the earth under Mundus. Compared with Harley, ARCHIVE.ORG doesn't even have a theory to support his story. Although it is now known that Harley is wrong, the scientific cognition and technology at that time already knew the magnetic field generated by metal rotation, so if the earth's magnetic field will be different, it may mean that the middle of the earth is not a hard stone, but a rotating rock and metal body. Moreover, because the influence of magnetic force is large, the inner spherical shell must be in a wonderful balance state to keep the spherical shell from collapsing.

Of course, in Harley's version, there are still many unsolved problems, such as how the sunlight needed by life enters the interior? Harley tried to defend himself, saying that there might be a lot of concave mirror underground, and the reflective pole made the light as dazzling as the sun.

However, Harley's theory that the earth is hollow didn't drive everyone crazy. Most people's reaction is "well, I see, that's it", and Harley didn't explain or strengthen this statement. But it doesn't mean he gave up completely. In fact, he also wrote three hypothetical crustal maps, which became one of the most iconic images of the hollow earth theory.

Although it has not been widely discussed or recognized, in the absence of any evidence, Harley's hollow earth theory will occasionally reappear in the 18 and 19 centuries, and new inferences and hypotheses will appear.

Mathematicians are crazy, too /kloc-in the 8th century, the hollow earth theory was studied by two mathematicians, leonhard euler and John Leslie of Li Ang.

Euler, a mathematical master who has made great contributions to calculus and geometry, once assumed that there was a warm spherical shell with a diameter of nearly 10000 km in the hollow earth, and then high-tech people lived on it; Leslie believes that there are two concentric spherical shells under the ground, in which two stars provide light. He named these two stars, Pluto and prosser Ping, which appeared inexplicably on the earth, respectively, in Roman mythology.

A spicy man selling geocentric theory-/kloc-The biggest admirer of Simms' hollow earth theory in the 9th century is American John Clovis Simms. Born in New Jersey, USA, he loves to study books related to natural history. 18 18, he published his own hollow earth theory:

"I advocate that the earth is hollow and there are countless concentric spherical shells, which are suitable for living. The earth also has an opening of 12~ 16 degrees in the north and south poles, and it gets sunlight. I swear to prove it. I'm going to explore the interior of the earth and hope the world will support me. 」

Sims' theory of hollow earth. As a prolific writer and spokesman on Wikipedia, Simms has been very diligent in spreading his hypotheses everywhere, including putting forward a book "Symzonia: Voyage of Discovery" based on the whole theory, and raising funds everywhere to try to explore the poles. His hypothesis that "there are holes in the poles, which bring light to the center of the earth" is based on the most widely known version of the theory of holes, and it is also one of many fantasies about the poles before polar exploration is realized.

Sims' efforts in the tortuous Antarctic exploration attracted the attention of several key figures. A wealthy Ohio man named James McBride not only wrote articles to support this hypothesis, but also lobbied Kentucky Congressman Richard M. Qiang Sen to support Antarctic exploration. Unexpectedly, Richard really persuaded the then US President john quincy adams, but the draft was rejected by Congress. Until the next president, Andrew Jackson, took office, 1836 put forward a completely different Antarctic expedition plan again, but Simms died in 1829 and could not take part in this Antarctic expedition.

1838 ~ 1842 American expedition fleet. After the death of Wikipedia Simms, the spokesperson of Hollow Earth was inherited by Ohio journalist Jeremiah Reynolds. In order to go to the South Pole, Reynolds joined the hunting fleet at 1829, striving for the opportunity to go to the South Pole. However, the journey was full of twists and turns, and he was not only exiled by his companions, but also returned to the United States after a narrow escape. Then in 1836, Reynolds gave a speech in Congress, praising the American Antarctic expedition that had not been finalized at that time. He stressed that it would bring glory to the country and strengthen international affairs, but he was cancelled because he was dissatisfied with the progress and content at the planning stage.

This expedition was successfully launched two years after President Jackson left office. It was called 1838~ 1842, and was led by Charles Wilkes. In fact, it is a very formal expedition fleet, the purpose of which is to establish charts, establish routes and collect scientific and species information. The fleet departed from the east coast of the United States, bypassed South America, and then advanced to the Pacific Ocean.

1838~ 1842 The route of American expedition fleet, 10 is Antarctica. Wikipedia's enthusiasm for the hollow earth has not stopped. So far, it can be said that the hollow earth has been officially cracked, but this theory is thrown out at the first opportunity to explain scientific discoveries. For example, in 1846, mammoth remains were found in the Siberian ice sheet. At present, some people wonder whether it wandered out of the big hole in the North Pole because it found undigested cones in its stomach, was trapped in Siberia, and died so suddenly.

1864, another great man also made a move, that is Verne, the father of modern science fiction. One of his works, Journey to the Center of the Earth, describes a group of people exploring the world from Iceland volcano to the center of the earth, where there are oceans and paleontology.

1869 Cyrus Reid, an American alchemist, can be said to be a madman who says that the earth is hollow, and it is very special. In his book Cell Community, or Earth, a Concave Sphere, he boldly assumes that the world we live in is actually the inner concave surface of the earth, the sky above us is actually the center of the earth, and there is a civilization living opposite our crust, but because of the dense fog, we can't find them, and the moon we see is actually another spherical shell inside the earth.

According to Ted, our world is actually on the concave reference map of the earth. Wikipedia Tide also changed its name, founded a religion called Koreshanity, and published magazines to attract believers. In order to prove that the earth we live in is concave, we also measured the surface with instruments! Finally, he owned 300 acres of land in Florida, where he lived with nearly 250 believers until 1940.

1873, the mystic Edward Bulwer-Lytton finished The Coming Race, which is about a group of civilizations living in the inner part of the earth, which developed in science and technology because of the discovery of mysterious energy.

1906, the writer William Reed published a book "The Phantom of the Poles", pointing out that it is actually possible to reach the interior of the earth by boat from the outside of the earth, because gravity makes them completely insensitive when reversing, and many sailors have actually been there but have not found it.

Even in 19 13, when humans had successfully reached and recorded the North Pole, a writer named Marshall Gardner published a book entitled "Journey to the Inner Earth, or have the poles really been discovered?" The book questions this matter, saying that many extinct creatures actually live inside the earth, because when the earth was born, centrifugal force formed the outermost crust, but there was a heavier shell inside, which continuously received heat from the center of the earth.

Marshall & #183; Composition of Gader's geocentric theory. But as we know more about the earth, we know that these hypotheses are really groundless, and they are already at the level of conspiracy theories.

Inge Lyman, a female scientist who ended the hollow theory of the earth, in the mid-20th century, Richard E. Byrd, the first man to fly over the north and south poles, didn't mention any big holes at all in his flight record returns. 1959 an American submarine drilled under the iceberg in the arctic circle and reappeared in the arctic region, indicating that there is no big hole; Although we have observation stations at both poles today, there are still no big holes.

1929, Danish geoscientist Inge Lehmann inferred that there are liquid structures and innermost solid cores near the outside of the earth by measuring various waves generated by earthquakes. The agitation and flow of these liquid substances caused magnetic fields and changes. After numerous experiments and verifications, we finally come to the conclusion that ... the interior of the earth is not empty, but to some extent Harley is right because of ours.

A scientist who is well known in scientific measurement, Inge Lehman. Although Wikipedia was wildly wrong, Harley's theory of hollowing out the earth made us discover a question that may have never been asked, which aroused the interest of scientists in studying this matter later. As the pioneer of the enlightenment era, it can be said that it is an interesting conspiracy theory that is beneficial to the progress of later generations. The interesting thing about science lies in its repeated verification, questioning and correction. We can gradually draw the right path from wrong ideas.