X = 2 m+ 1, then 2 m = x- 1.

y=3+4^m=3+(2^2)^m=3+(2^m)^2=3+(x- 1)^2=x^2-2x+4

2.

a=x^3,b=x^5

x^ 14=x^(3*3+5)=(x^3)^3*x^5=a^3*b

3.

0. 125^3*0.25^3*2^6*2^ 12

=(0. 125^3*2^9)*(0.25^3*2^6)*2^3

=(0. 125*2^3)^3*(0.25*2^2)^3*2^3

= 1^3* 1^3*2^3=8