Arabic mathematics and astronomy originated in Greece and India, and soon made considerable achievements after being absorbed and digested. Euclid's Elements of Geometry, Ptolemy's Encyclopedia of Astronomy and the Sun Sitando of ancient India have all been translated into Arabic, and some have been translated many times. Arabs' mathematics and astronomy research are closely combined and flowers are dense (? ~ 850), bertani (? ~ 929) and Naisui Ear Nail (120 1 ~ 1274) are both famous Arab mathematicians and astronomers. Chinese wax rice is famous for studying algebra and compiling astronomical tables. Bertani and Naisuierding have made great achievements in astronomical observation and astronomic research. Some Arab astronomers can still question Ptolemy's planetary-concentric geocentric theory without being limited by preconceptions. Later, when Gozzini founded Heliocentrism, he was inspired by Arabs.

Ancient Arab scholars also carefully studied statics, optics and other physical phenomena, and reached some important conclusions, such as distinguishing the mass and weight of matter, and correctly explaining why the sun and the moon look bigger when they are close to the horizon than in the air.

Ancient Arabic medicine was developed on the basis of widely absorbing medical knowledge from Greek, Indian, China, Persian and other countries. The medical masterpiece written by Laki (865 ~ 925) is a medical encyclopedia with rich contents, which was later translated into Latin and English and circulated in Europe for a long time. Then Ibn Shinar (980 ~ 1037), who was known as the "king of medicine", was used as a medical textbook by many European universities. Some Arab scholars questioned and criticized the authoritative Galen theory in Europe at that time, but unfortunately it was not taken seriously.