First, literary common sense.

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Second, interchangeable characters.

1, stiff limbs (same limb, same limb)

2. roommates are all embroidered (dressed together).

3. Debate with it (debate and debate)

Three. Translation of key sentences.

1, my family is poor and I can't read. Every time you borrow books from the library, you should take notes and count the days.

2. Send it away after recording, and don't dare to cross the line.

3, both the crown and the sage.

4, taste the hometown of hundreds of miles away.

5, the more respectful, the more courteous, dare not say a word.

6. I've had enough fun in it. I don't know if my mouth and body are inhuman.

7. If his career is not refined, his morality is not successful, and his nature is not bad, then his heart will not exceed his ears. Is it too much for others?

Fourth, the flexible use of parts of speech.

1, waist white jade ring. (waist, waist hanging, nouns are used as verbs. )

2. There is no need to write by hand. (hand, hand, noun as adverbial. )

3. County officials have a little confession every day.

4. Parents have Qiu Ge's legacy (noun as adverbial every year)

Five, the word polysemy

1. More courtesy (considerate, adjective)

Give up (arrive, verb)

2. I can't read (come, express my purpose, conjunctions)

So many people spend their spare time with books.

(Ba, preposition)

Cover with a blanket

Those who enjoy it (because of, for example).

Bend down and give ear to please (equivalent to "er", which means modification, not translation)

I don't know if my skin is chapped.

Long-term harmony (no translation, conjunctions, table order)

Sixth, text comprehension.

1, which statements in the text reflect the author's trustworthiness and honesty?

2. What are the sentences that show the author's humble attitude towards the teacher?

3. What is the fundamental reason why the author is not afraid of hardship in learning?

If you play enough in it, I wonder if your mouth and body are inhuman. )

4. The central argument of this paper is: if the industry is not diligent, if the morality is not perfect, if the nature is not humble, then the heart does not exclude others, is it too much for others?

5. What difficulties did the author encounter in the learning process?

It is difficult to write a book, ask for advice, go to school and live in difficult conditions.

6. Why did the author write about his bitter experience at the beginning?

Through his own hard study experience, it shows that the success or failure of his study is not directly related to his talent and his study and living conditions. He also warned Ma Sheng to cherish the excellent study conditions in imperial academy and encouraged Ma Sheng to study hard and become a talented person with both ability and political integrity.

7. What are the advantages of Thai students' learning conditions?

(1) "Every day has a little confession" and "Every year has Qiu Ge's legacy"

-There is no danger of freezing.

(2) "Sitting downstairs"

-No strength to run.

(3) "There are teachers and doctors as teachers"

-there are special teachers.

(4) "Books are collected here"

-Rich collection of books.

8. Contrast the application and function of writing skills.

1. Comparison of attitudes between teachers and students

Teachers are serious-students are humble.

2. Comparison of living conditions between yourself and your roommate

Give up glory-the author is vulgar.

3. Comparison of my study with Thai students.

In the past, the author worked hard-now the students are superior.

Function: Through comparison, the author shows that the quality of learning conditions has no decisive influence on learning effect. The important factor of success is the attitude of seeking scholars: "Diligence can make up for mistakes", diligence, willingness to endure hardships and perseverance. ("If your career is not refined and your morality is not humble, your heart is deaf")

9. Theme of this article: By comparing the hardships of studying in adolescence with the excellent learning conditions of students now, it shows that the key to success in learning lies in your diligence and concentration, praises Ma Sheng's modesty and eagerness to learn, and expresses his expectation and encouragement.