LaTeX has powerful typesetting formula ability, and you can print a mathematical paper that meets the specifications in a short time.
The macro package amsmath is used below.
LaTeX has two specific modes to typeset mathematical formulas, including intra-row mathematical mode and inter-row mathematical mode.
The embedded mathematical model uses \ (... \), $ ... $ and \ begin {math} ... \ end {math}.
Interrow mathematical models are generally used for longer mathematical equations or formulas that need to be displayed separately, and they are used in the following ways: ...] and `\ begin {displaymath} ... \ end {displaymath}.
Some symbols are displayed differently in these two modes. Generally speaking, the format of intra-row mathematical mode display is text format, and the format of inter-row mathematical mode display is display mode.
In TexStudio, the shortcut key of embedded mathematical mode is Ctrl+Shift+M, and the shortcut key of interline mode is ALT+SHIFT+M..
If you want to number other programs and use labels to cross-reference them later, you need to use the equation environment. Note that equation is already a mathematical environment, so there is no need to add $ ... $ or \ [...] into it.
Most math mode commands are only valid for the following characters, so if you want a command to work on multiple characters, you must put them in a group and use curly braces: {}
Here are some of the most important commands in mathematical typesetting. These commands must be included in the mathematical model, that is, $ 1...$ or \ [...].
Greek letters are entered in lowercase, such as \alpha, \beta, \gamma, ... uppercase letters are \Gamma, \Delta.
Exponents and subscripts can be represented by symbols "and _" respectively. Note that if the exponent and subscript are more than one character, you need to use groups. In other words, the text is enclosed in curly braces. The convention is to enter the subscript first and then the exponent.
In TexStudio, the shortcut keys for subscripts are Ctrl+Shift+D, and the shortcut keys for exponents are ctrl+shift+u.
The square root input is obtained by \ sqrt {}, and the n-th root is obtained by \sqrt[n]{}. Only the root number is needed, which can be obtained through \surd.
In TexStudio, the shortcut key of square root is ctrlshift+q.
The horizontal line is realized by \ Outline \ and \ Underline \ commands. Note that the command to add a dash to a single character is \bar.
Use' to enter an apostrophe.
The small arrow on a single character of the vector is \vec, and the vector from A to B is specified by the commands \overrightarrow and \ overflight arrow.
Click the command \cdot.
Functions usually use upright fonts, and LaTeX prefabricated many function commands. For example, \log, \cos, etc. If you need to define your own functions, you can use the command \ declarator {\ xxx} {xxx} in amsmath.
There are two commands for modulo fetching: \bmod is used for binary operation "a mod b"; And \pmod is used for the equation of the module.
The basic command of a fraction in the upper and lower bounds of a fraction is \frac. Amsmath provides two other commands \dfrac and \tfrac. The former does not consider the print display mode of interline environment, while the latter does not consider the print text mode of interline or interline environment. For smaller scores, you can usually enter/
In TexStudio, the shortcut key of \frac is Alt+Shift+F, the shortcut key of \dfrac is ctrl+shift+f, and the shortcut key of jumping to the next editable area is Ctrl+→.
Integral, sum and product are represented by \ int, \ sum and \ prod, respectively, where the upper and lower limits are represented by and _.
Delimiter parentheses and brackets can be typed directly, and braces need to be escaped with \ {\}. Generally speaking, you need to adjust the size of the separator, adding "left" before the separator on the left and "right" before the separator on the right. LaTeX will automatically resize the separator. Sometimes the automatic adjustment effect is not ideal. You can use \ big \ big \ big \ big \ big to resize the separator.
In TexStudio, the left shortcut key is Ctrl+Shift+L and the right shortcut key is ctrl+shift+R.
Three-point column \ldots gets the points on the baseline, and \cdots gets the points between the top and bottom. In addition, in tables and matrices, \ vdots get vertical points and \ ddots get diagonal points.
Generally speaking, it is used with the points in the baseline when listing, and with the points in the middle when adding similar items.
The following example applies to all knowledge.
Sometimes the space selected by TeX is not satisfactory, and some special space control commands can be inserted to adjust it. Spaces from small to large are \, \:, \; ，\quad，\qquad
In the space selection of multiple integers, amsmath provides \iint, \ iint, \iiint, \ idotin to generate multiple integers.
The amsmath macro package provides a series of matrix environments for typesetting, which all depend on the array environment in LaTeX.
It also provides a small matrix environment for generating embedded mathematical patterns.
The next column and line break commands in the matrix environment are the same as those in the table.
The amsmath macro package provides a cases environment, which is convenient for typesetting piecewise functions.
The amsmath macro package provides many commands for typesetting long formulas, which are generally based on LaTeX's equation and eqnarry environment. However, the amsmath document suggests that LaTeX's long recipe environment should no longer be used.
In the formula environment, the command \tag{num} can generate the number of the formula. The command \notag can cancel the numbering of formulas.
The equation environment is used to generate numbered single-line formulas, while the equation * environment generates single-line formulas without numbers.
Multline environment can divide a long formula into several lines and give it a number. Generally, the first line is aligned to the left and the last line is aligned to the right. You can use the commands \ Shovel Left and \ Shovel Right to force left or right alignment.
You can use the macro package options \reqno and \leqno to decide whether the number is placed after the last line or before the first line.
Split environment can divide a long formula into several lines and use&you can specify what symbol each line is aligned with and use \ \ line break. Please note that the split environment has no number and can only be used in other interline mode environments. Such as equation, aggregation, alignment
The gather environment is used to typeset multiple formulas at one time, and each formula has its own number and uses line breaks. The corresponding gather * typesets arranges multiple formulas without numbers. A partitioned environment can be nested in an aggregated environment.
The align environment is used to align and typeset multiple formulas, and each formula also has its own number. Use alignment, use line breaks.
Use additional separate &; You can get a series of formulas similar to tables. For example, consider the following formula.
The alignat{n} environment can generate an alignment formula group similar to a table, where n is the number of columns.
Aggregation, alignment, and alignment generate formula blocks that occupy the entire document width. Sometimes we need to enclose formula blocks in brackets. You can use the following command.
Commands collected, collected, aligned, and alignedat can generate blocks with the actual width of the formula, so they can be used in conditions. take for example
\intertext is used to insert a short piece of text into a formula group and can only be used for \ \.
In LaTeX, if you want to include the number of sections in the formula code, you can use the command \ $ \numberwithin.
Because other formula environments are generated by equation, you only need to define equation.
\eqref provides a formula reference in parentheses.
The environmental sub-equation can generate numbers like (4.9a) and (4.9b).
Typesetting lemmas, definitions, axioms and similar structures.
The macro package amsthm provides the command \newtheoremstyle{style}, which defines the appearance of the theorem by selecting one of three predefined styles. These three styles are
Example of commands use in that introduction area are as follows.
In the body area, you can use the command \ begin {name} [text] ... \ end {name} to use the theorem environment named name, where the text parameter is the name of the theorem.
Amsthm also provides a verification environment. The command is \begin{proof}...\end{proof}
Proofname can be redefined in the introduction area to support Chinese. The order is
Command \ QED The symbol "Certificate Completed" can be moved manually here.