(A) let students know what are the benefits of previewing and reviewing in time.
Preview before class is an important part of learning. It's like looking at the guide map before going out for a trip and getting to know where to go, so as to know what to do. You can review and consolidate what you have learned, remove the knowledge obstacles in the next class, and improve the listening effect; Preview can strengthen the pertinence of taking class notes, find out doubts and difficulties, take classes with questions, make lectures more targeted, and change the passive situation of learning; The most important thing is to cultivate students' self-study ability, reduce their dependence on teachers and enhance their independence.
The advantage of reviewing in time is that it can deepen and consolidate the understanding of learning content and prevent the quick forgetting that usually occurs after learning. According to the forgetting curve, the forgetting speed is the fastest two or three days after memory, and then it gradually slows down. Therefore, we should review what we have just learned. With the improvement of memory consolidation, the number of reviews can be gradually reduced and the interval can be gradually lengthened. We should "strike while the iron is hot" and study and practice in time. Avoid reviewing for a long time after studying. What you have learned in this way will be forgotten, and reviewing is equivalent to relearning. As the saying goes, "review the past and learn the new", that is to say, reviewing the past knowledge can gain a lot of new gains. This "newness" mainly means that knowledge has reached the level of systematization and a new level of integration. First of all, the systematization of knowledge means mastering knowledge to a higher level, that is, mastering specific concepts and principles from the whole, the whole or the connection, so that the concepts and principles learned can return to the application position in the knowledge system. Secondly, the systematization of knowledge can make more and more miscellaneous knowledge less and more refined, thus completing the transformation process of book knowledge from "thick" to "thin", that is, the process of establishing knowledge tree. Knowledge system, large capacity, easy to remember and easy to use. Finally, systematic knowledge is beneficial to memory. The reason is simple: isolated things are easy to forget, and related things are not easy to forget. In order to systematize knowledge, firstly, we should learn concepts and principles well at ordinary times and prepare materials for building a "knowledge building"; Second, be willing to keep thinking hard. People who are lazy and avoid thinking hard can't really master knowledge; Third, we should learn to think scientifically.
(2) Let students master the steps and methods of preview and review.
1. Science preview. The so-called scientific preview is to actively explore new knowledge, find doubts, be aware of it and prepare for a new round of learning on the basis of consolidating old knowledge. Therefore, I ask students to preview from the following aspects: (1) First, take a cursory look at the textbook to understand the basic ideas, and then read it carefully over and over again. When reading carefully, you can outline the key points, difficulties and difficult problems in the textbook with colored pens. (2) When previewing, we should make use of the existing knowledge, experience and relevant reference materials, think positively, ask more questions, and find out the internal relationship between the old knowledge and every concept, law and formula in the new content. (3) Although some problems have not been solved after independent thinking (including searching for information), they can be discussed with classmates, and teachers, parents or others can be consulted if necessary, so as to try to solve them before class, so as to concentrate on thinking about new problems in class. (4) Do some exercises and practical operations appropriately. (5) Take notes carefully. Writing preview notes is an important link in the preview process, so we must pay attention to it. Specifically, preview notes mainly include five aspects: first, the key structure or outline and abstract of each class; Second, several closely related main problems in each class; Third, unresolved issues; The fourth is to extract the relevant contents of the investigated materials and indicate the source; The fifth is the main experience. Of course, these five aspects may not be completely recorded every time, so we should proceed from reality and deal with them flexibly according to the difficulty of knowledge.
2. Review in time. Students often have such a situation: attending lectures in class, doing homework after class, and omitting the review link. In this way, the systematicness and integrity of the knowledge we have learned will be destroyed, and the knowledge we have learned will be blurred and forgotten after a long time. Knowledge that is not systematic and easy to understand is the easiest to forget, so we must pay attention to review. The procedure for timely review is:
① Try to remember. ② Reading textbooks. ③ Organize class notes. 4 reflect well.
3. Cross review. Cross-review is often divided into different chapters, geometry and algebra, which can prevent students from forgetting knowledge and is another important link to consolidate and master knowledge. For example, our weekly exercise has played a very good role in this regard.
In a word, preview and review can help students realize the "internalization" and "summary extension" of knowledge, and also reflect teachers' good consciousness of paying attention to the whole process, not only in class, but also outside class; Focus not only on the present, but also on the future. In view of the heavy burden of extracurricular study for middle school students, there is no need to emphasize all aspects in preview, and there is no need to preview before each class. The focus of preview should be on the chapters with many doubts, great difficulty and fast teaching progress. Learning knowledge should be reviewed and consolidated in time, which is determined by the characteristics of students' learning. Students mainly study indirect experience, which is the refinement of previous practical experience. Because of the short study time and many classes, it is necessary to review and consolidate in time. Reviewing what you have learned in time after class is an important part of digesting and absorbing knowledge, just like eating. This kind of review can make clear what can't be understood clearly in class, deepen the impression of what has been understood, make the old and new knowledge logically connected, and thus achieve mastery through a comprehensive study, and truly turn what you have learned into wealth in your mind.