Keywords: picture book; Lower grades; Picture book reading; Teaching strategy
Picture books, also called picture books. It is an illustrated book, with special emphasis on telling stories with pictures. A classic picture book is a combination of first-class painting and first-class writing, which is composed of concise and vivid language and exquisite and beautiful painting. This is a fairy tale and story depicted in pictures. The picture is exquisite, the text is extremely concise, and the "picture" and "text" are integrated into one, and they know each other and interpret each other. According to children's age characteristics and cognitive psychology, picture books are the best reading materials for junior children. In foreign countries, picture book reading has a history of more than 100 years, but in Chinese mainland, the understanding and practice of picture book reading has just started. In recent years, some children's literature writers and Chinese teaching research experts in primary schools in China have realized the importance of picture book reading to the growth of lower grade children, and they are committed to recommending and popularizing picture book reading. Therefore, picture book reading is practiced in the form of class reading club in our lower grades.
In practice, due to the lack of experience and the deviation of understanding, picture book reading often fails to give full play to its advantages, and the teaching of picture book reading falls into various misunderstandings.
Misunderstanding 1: Read aloud
Illustrated picture books with exquisite pictures and refined language. In the teaching of picture book reading, some teachers use the simplified Chinese characters of picture books to give junior children with little literacy special literacy training and special reading training. Under the pressure of literacy and reading aloud, picture books have lost their original interest and attraction, and children are discouraged from picture books.
Myth 2: intensive reading and analysis
We often carry out picture book reading teaching in the class in the form of class reading club. Some teachers regard the class reading club as a normal Chinese classroom, teach picture books as general Chinese textbooks, and guide children to study picture books, words and phrases, chapter structure and all aspects, and make them carefully. These trainings have opened the distance between children and picture books.
Myth 3: Say, read and ask questions.
A good picture book not only tells a story, but also has an enduring eternal theme and profound connotation. Some teachers are eager for quick success and instant benefit in teaching. In order to educate children to read picture books, they put questions throughout the reading of picture books. In a series of "What do you know?" "What have you learned?" Under questioning, children's interest in reading evaporated.
Myth 4: Unsupervised type
In the practice of picture book reading teaching, some teachers insist that picture books are books for children. In the teaching of picture book reading, they just appear as readers, and finish the story reading without inspiration, questioning, instruction and guidance, which makes the class reading club meaningless and inefficient.
Analysis of the above misunderstandings, the reason is that teachers' understanding of picture books is not in place, resulting in the above deviations. In today's promotion of picture book reading, we teachers should fully understand the characteristics of picture books and their advantages over ordinary reading materials:
1. China culture
Children's literature writers use words that children can interpret, familiar sentence structures, and then skillfully cover the theme to gather stories with complete structure and rich content. Through reading, children will develop their exquisite language skills invisibly.
2. The cultivation of aesthetics
At present, all the pictures in the picture book are the works of world-renowned artists. They use all kinds of materials to create a story, so that children can enjoy literature and infect aesthetics in reading.
3. Stimulation of creativity
Picture book stories cross national boundaries and various cultural backgrounds. Through words and pictures, children can enter different worlds and expand their creativity infinitely.
4. Cultivation of life ability and attitude
The dogmatic moral indoctrination in oral English rigidifies teaching methods and widens the distance with children. However, children absorb, stir and transform various viewpoints through life-oriented picture book content and peer discussion, and finally learn clear values and apply this ability to daily life.
As a combination of pictures and texts, picture books are the most suitable for children to read. After fully understanding its advantages, we should give full play to its efficacy, guide children to feel childlike interest and share happiness in reading, so as to guide children to embark on the road of reading. So how to carry out effective picture book reading teaching? Combined with the picture book reading research and personal practical experience carried out by the Chinese teaching and research group of our school, I summarized the following effective teaching strategies.
First, affectionate reading guidance to stimulate interest
Matsu, a famous Japanese picture book reader, stated in The Joy of Picture Books: "Picture books are expressed through beautiful language and pictures, and only when they are read to children as readers' own feelings can they be accepted. When readers tell the best language expressed in picture books with their own voices and feelings, this kind of happiness, joy and beauty will be fully displayed, and the experience of picture books will remain in the listener's life forever. "American educational psychologist Jerome? Bruner explained the reading instruction in this way: at first, the teacher should read the story to the children, and then slowly present the whole work in a more dramatic way. Before children can completely read by themselves, teachers use the "zone of proximal development" to help children understand stories and help them gradually become real readers. In our picture book reading teaching, as teachers, we should devote ourselves to reading stories with emotion, "acting" stories with actions and expressions, presenting stories with vivid and exaggerated methods, attracting students to read after class with preview highlights, and stimulating children's reading interest.
For example, "I Love You Forever" tells the story that Ali the bear accidentally broke his mother's favorite bowl and worried about his mother's reaction. So, he ran to his mother and did a "love test". My mother behaved almost perfectly. She took great pains to ensure that "I love you forever", but at the same time, she did not forget to add that "but you" are responsible for your actions. In fact, in life, each of us is Ali Bear in the picture book, and we have all had concerns about Ali Bear. As a mother, I feel the same way about Mother Bear's principled love. The emotions of the two characters in the picture book, I have a deep life experience, and the emotions of the characters in the picture book are all expressions of my own emotions. When organizing children to read "I Love You Forever", when I read it aloud to you with true feelings, some children's tears are flashing. The children were infected in my affectionate interpretation. For another example, in the reading of the very humorous Metamorphosis of Piglets, when I used exaggerated language to interpret what Piglets did, the children laughed heartily, became interested, and at the same time realized the theme easily and happily.
Second, guide conjecture and stimulate imagination
A good picture book is not only telling a story, but also helping children to improve their observation, enrich their imagination and sublimate their spiritual realm. Simple words and delicate romantic pictures can make students' imagination and creativity gallop freely. Therefore, in the process of reading picture books, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' ability to read pictures and imagine. You can choose the most imaginative and moving pictures, and guide students to carefully watch the images, colors and details in the pictures, feel the emotions and meanings expressed in the pictures, and daydream about the world outside the words and pictures.
Some picture books connect pictures by repeating plots and sentence patterns, forming a rotating structure. When reading such picture books, we should make full use of this rotating structure to guide children to participate in the process of story deduction, to guide children to guess the plot, and to connect the stories in their full imagination.
For example, the runaway rabbit uses the same simple sentence "If you become, I will become." The story is told in a series of sentences, and the whole story is full of imagination. In the reading guide, I use the changes in picture books again and again to get children involved. "If you were a mother rabbit, how would you change and let the rabbit go home?" In the children's interesting guesses, we can promote the plot of the story, realize the mother's deep love for the children, stimulate the children's interest in reading, and thus make the children fall in love with reading.
Third, mapping and teaching methods.
Picture books tell a complete story with pictures and words, which is an ensemble of pictures and texts. To be more abstract, it is the art of telling stories through the interweaving and interaction of pictures and words at two different levels. In the picture book, the picture is no longer a vassal of the text, but the life of the book, and even a book without words can be seen. A good picture book can make an illiterate child "read" the main idea just by looking at the picture. In addition, generally speaking, picture books have well-designed layouts, and the cover, title page, ring lining, text and back cover form a complete whole. Words and pictures are interdependent, and the story is promoted by turning pages ... Therefore, in the teaching of picture book reading, don't rush to turn pages, let children look at those pictures carefully, guide them to read stories, find details and understand connotations.
For example, in the reading instruction of "The Runaway Bunny", I guide children to pay attention to the color pictures, and guide them to read the maternal love conveyed by the color pictures: after showing the first color picture, children will carefully look at this Tu Tu and think about why their mother caught the bunny with carrots. Let children understand that only mothers know children best. When reading the second color picture, guide the children to think: What sufficient preparations did the mother make in order to find the rabbit and face such a steep mountain? From this, I realized that there is no danger at the foot of maternal love, and maternal love can reach the ends of the earth. Another example is: when reading Fang Suzhen's picture book "I Have Friendship for Rent", in addition to reading the story itself, students can be guided to carefully observe the details of the picture to see which animals are in the picture, or to guess the psychological activities of the gorilla through the change of its facial expression. Students can ask: "Did you find who is with the gorilla? Why did he do this? " These questions can not only make students pay attention to the story itself, but also improve their comprehensive aesthetic ability.
In picture books, clues are often hidden by depicting details, which makes the theme more vivid and the plot more interesting. Mice are pets of many painters, and they often exist in picture books as another clue to the development of stories. Such as: Canadian female painter Phoebe? Gilman's "Grandpa must have a way", in the whole story, there has been another happy family-the mouse family. The little boy Yue Se's blanket has been changed again and again, so the mouse family has been using this cloth. The story of the little mouse family has no written explanation, but it is inextricably linked with the story on the ground. In the reading guide, we can make full use of such pictures to guide children to pay attention to the story behind the text, thus enriching the content of the story and making the theme more clear and full of childlike interest.
Fourth, taste the language and feel the accumulation.
The language of picture books is vivid, repetitive and concise. There are many ways to learn a language in the process of reading picture books: listening to the teacher read aloud, reading aloud repeatedly, discussing, telling pictures and telling stories. In various forms of learning, children feel the charm of their own language under the gradual guidance of teachers. Among them, "listening to the teacher read aloud" is an important way to read picture books and an important way for students to learn languages. In addition to accumulating in reading, some languages can also let students imitate expressions and let children understand the form and essence of language expression in picture books.
For example: Sam? McBride's classic picture book Guess how much I love you is a story full of love atmosphere and childlike interest, which reveals the truth that love needs to be expressed through the dialogue between big rabbit and little rabbit. The language of Big Rabbit has always been the same as that of Little Rabbit. The same characters come from different characters, which shows the childlike innocence of Big Rabbit and constitutes the rhythmic beauty of the written language. In the reading guide of Guess how much I love you, I first read what Bonnie said to her mother-"I love you so much!" " After watching the pictures, the teachers and students read the words of mother rabbit-"I love you so much." On this basis, I read the rabbit's second paragraph: "How high my hand is, how much I love you!" Ask the students to read the mother rabbit's words: "I love you as high as I hold it!" " "By listening to the teacher, reading with the teacher and reading by yourself, let the students feel the language and accumulate the language. After reading this story, I guided my children to express their love for their mothers. The students expressed their love for their mother in the form of imitation: "I love you from this side of the mountain to the other side of the sea." "I love you as deep as the sea." "I love you to go to the universe and come back here from the universe." ……
Five, contact with life, feel the connotation.
Illustrated picture books attract children. The value and charm of picture books lie in: it has no dogma, but it can meet the growth needs of children; Without a trace of reasoning, it can inspire children to think deeply; There is no noise, but it can cause children's knowing laughter. "Let the child be like a child" in picture book reading. As Whitman, an American poet, said in a poem, "A child walks forward every day/he sees the first thing/he becomes that thing/that thing becomes a part of him …" By reading picture books, children are constantly experiencing emotions, and their emotions are improved and sublimated through reading. In the children's world, in the relaxed and happy reading, I buried a good mood that will affect my life.
For example, in the reading of My Mom and Dad, Guess how much I love you, I will always love you, and The Runaway Bunny, children fully feel the love of their parents, enrich their emotions and inspire love. In the reading of "I have friendship for rent", let the children understand that friendship is around. In the reading of "Little Mouse, Little Mouse", children can smile happily ... In this way, while reading brings happiness to children, it also brings them inestimable spiritual wealth and builds a free spiritual space and spiritual home for them. When children wander between the lines with the brilliance of human nature, natural harmony and childlike interest, they will broaden their horizons, enrich their hearts, sublimate their realm and improve their personality.