Second, there must be clear teaching objectives, which is the concretization of the teaching syllabus; It is the specific requirement of knowledge elements and ability training contained in teaching materials; It is an important basis for designing teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching media and teaching procedures. It is the main basis for testing and evaluating the teaching effect and correcting the teaching process. It is the starting point and destination for teachers and students to carry out teaching activities; It is an important guarantee for teaching activities to develop in the right direction and achieve the greatest effect. Teaching objectives involve the overall reform of teaching concepts, classroom structure, teaching procedures, teaching contents and teaching methods. In the process of mathematics teaching, if the goal is clear, we can give full play to the following functions:
1, which has the directional function of guiding teachers and students to teach and learn.
2. It can control the effectiveness of the teaching reform procedure.
3. It plays a coordinating role in the two-way development of students' knowledge and ability.
4. It is effective in reducing the burden of students' blind training due to naval battle topics.
5. It has the stable function of unifying standards and improving the quality of mathematics teaching in a large range.
6. Scientific evaluation and management of teaching reform have competitive functions. It can be seen that the formulation of teaching objectives is becoming more and more important in the deepening and development of mathematics teaching reform. To improve the quality of mathematics teaching, we must set clear, comprehensive, concrete, practical and flexible teaching objectives. To achieve: every class and chapter has clear goals, and these goals should constitute the overall goal of mathematics. In addition, teachers should not only know the teaching objectives, but also let students know and let students learn with goals. Because clear, comprehensive and specific learning objectives are the necessary conditions for forming and improving students' learning motivation, students can only have strong learning enthusiasm if they are clear about their learning objectives. Therefore, this learning method with learning objectives is naturally much better than the previous teaching method of "keeping students in the dark", and I believe the learning quality of students will be greatly improved. In addition, teachers must grasp a degree when setting teaching objectives, which should conform to the actual situation of the class. Too high or too low a teaching goal is not conducive to the realization of teachers' teaching effect, nor to the cultivation of students' active learning enthusiasm and the idealization of learning effect.
Third, there must be scientific teaching methods. Teaching method is the general name of the interactive activities between teaching and learning taken by teachers and students to achieve the purpose of teaching and learning and complete the teaching task. Including teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods. Teaching methods restrict learning methods and have an important influence on students' intelligence and personality. It can be seen that whether to use scientific teaching methods directly affects the efficiency of classroom teaching. Therefore, teachers should try to choose scientific and reasonable teaching methods in teaching.
First of all, we should pay attention to the infiltration of mathematical thinking methods into students. Mathematical thinking method refers to the way of thinking that is contained in the process of occurrence, development and deepening of mathematical knowledge and runs through the process of finding and solving problems. Mathematical thinking method is the essence of mathematical knowledge and a bridge from knowledge to ability. To deepen the reform of mathematics teaching, improve the quality of mathematics classroom teaching and realize the transformation from knowledge to ability, students should not only learn mathematical concepts, theorems, formulas and rules, but more importantly, understand the mathematical thinking methods contained in them and improve their ability to solve problems. The infiltration of thinking method can make students internalize their own experience gradually, form ideas, become conscious consciousness of solving problems, and continuously improve their learning ability and learning level. As Gorky, a writer in the former Soviet Union, said: Learning is not imitating something, but mastering skills.
Classroom teaching should be combined with various teaching methods. There are various teaching methods, different contents, different class hours and different teaching methods. In order to cultivate students who are eager to learn, teachers should use various teaching techniques consistent with students' learning styles. At present, our main teaching method is that teachers talk and students listen. Then, teachers can arrange students to discuss according to the appropriate teaching content, or they can "practice" with students when they learn the appropriate content, so that students can practice what they have learned in class, which not only changes the rigid effect brought by a single teaching method, but also stimulates students' enthusiasm for thinking. Therefore, in a class, we should combine various teaching methods, make the best combination of teaching methods, and use them flexibly and scientifically according to the content of teaching materials and the actual situation of students. This is not only beneficial to the classroom effect, but also to the development of students' intelligence. Why not?
We should pay attention to the importance of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning refers to students' mutual learning with clear division of responsibilities in order to accomplish the same tasks in groups or teams. On the one hand, cooperative learning can improve students' exploration spirit and then cultivate students' creativity; On the other hand, it can enliven the classroom atmosphere and let students study in a pleasant atmosphere; The third aspect can cultivate students' collective cooperation spirit and enhance collective cohesion. However, in the process of cooperative learning, the setting of questions must have discussion value; The difficulty should be moderate; Time should be enough; Teachers should play a good role in organization, coordination and guidance.
Attention should be paid to stimulating students' learning motivation. All activities are based on demand, and demand is the driving force of activities. However, only demand does not necessarily lead to activity. Only when the goal that can meet the needs appears, and there is an intention to achieve this goal, human activities will be stimulated. This internal force that directly promotes human activities is motivation. Motivation is the source of all actions. Students' learning motivation is the foundation and core of the whole teaching process. Students with high learning motivation are full of enthusiasm for learning, while students with low learning motivation lack interest in learning. Students' learning motivation is an important factor affecting teachers' teaching and students' learning. If students' learning motivation can be improved, the teaching effect can be greatly improved. Therefore, we can't ignore the cultivation of students' learning motivation. The cultivation of students' learning motivation can start from the following aspects:
(1) Help students to clarify their learning objectives and set up lofty ideals.
(2) Teachers should be full of teaching enthusiasm and stimulate students' interest in learning.
(3) Teaching methods should be diversified, in line with the age characteristics of students, and can be combined with each other.
Stimulate interest and cultivate students' initiative in learning. Confucius said, "An ignorant person is not as good as a musician, and a musician is not as good as a good person.". Motivation arising from needs and preferences is the source of all behaviors.
(1), using multimedia to stimulate interest. Through the interesting timbre effect of multimedia images, we can stimulate students' senses and cultivate their learning initiative.
(2) Stimulate interest through discussion and practical activities. The boring way of speaking can easily make students feel bored and distracted. But hands-on operation and group discussion are suitable for children's curiosity, activity and competitiveness, so that they are willing to participate.
(3) Organize small competitions to stimulate interest. A small victory can satisfy children's vanity, cultivate children's competitive psychology, and then let this competitive psychology gradually evolve into a driving force for learning.
Creating a good learning atmosphere, a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere can give people a relaxed mood and positive passion. The new round of curriculum reform requires paying attention to students' subjectivity, increasing students' participation in the classroom, promoting the interaction of classroom teaching and improving teaching effect. Creating a democratic and harmonious atmosphere is the basis for students to develop actively in educational activities. In order to establish a good and harmonious learning atmosphere, first of all, teachers should adjust their psychological state and put themselves in a good emotional state. In the classroom, when teachers impart knowledge, there will be many emotional components involved, and the psychological state of teachers will affect the atmosphere of the whole classroom. Secondly, treat every child with love. Everyone needs love and respect. Meeting this demand can greatly improve people's self-esteem, and so can students. Therefore, no matter whether students' remarks are right or wrong, we should first affirm students' positive thinking and remarks, and then guide them to reduce their resistance. The classroom atmosphere is relaxed and pleasant, which ensures the idealization of teaching effect. Teachers' love is a catalyst in the teaching process, which will definitely make teaching more effective.
Fourth, teaching methods should be diversified. At present, many of our schools, especially rural primary schools, are still relatively backward in teaching equipment and teaching methods. Although the higher authorities have equipped some schools with some modern teaching equipment, for various reasons, these equipment can not really be used for teaching, and even some teachers will not use modern teaching equipment because of lack of opportunities. Such advanced educational means are not displayed, which seriously affects students' interest and the development of some personalities. Therefore, in order to improve the teaching quality in an all-round way, we must ensure the application of modern teaching equipment and the diversification of teaching methods. Multimedia teaching embodies the diversification of teaching methods, inherits the characteristics of traditional teaching media and increases the role of modern media. It can not only transmit information to teaching accurately, but also feedback and adjust in time, which greatly improves our teaching effect. Multimedia teaching is a synchronous reform of teaching methods and means, and only reforming methods without reforming means will often reduce the effect; If we only reform the means but not the methods, it will be easy to become a mere formality and fail to achieve practical results. In practical teaching, multimedia should be used only when necessary (pay attention to purpose) and well used (pay attention to effectiveness), and can not be used casually. It is absolutely not advisable to use it to enhance intuition and improve teaching effect. At the same time, I also hope that the higher authorities can improve the multimedia equipment in time.
Fifth, we should pay attention to improving the accuracy of calculation. Today, when everyone calls for quality education, it seems that grades are no longer an important criterion to measure a student. However, the current learning competition model and education management system still emphasize the importance of grades to us. Students' study, school choice and college entrance examination mainly depend on their grades. All this can not help but make us pay the most attention to the results, and all teaching activities are still centered on the results. In many years of primary school mathematics teaching, the correct rate of students' calculation has always been the main problem affecting students' grades. Calculation is the cornerstone of learning mathematics. Only by mastering calculation skillfully can we step on the steps leading to the mathematical pagoda. Numbers and calculations play a very important role in any period of life. Although many students have mastered the calculation method in their study, they often make calculation mistakes, which makes the accuracy very low. This not only directly affects the quality of students' learning, but also seriously hinders the improvement of students' math scores, and the unsatisfactory results affect students' initiative in learning. In primary school mathematics test questions, the content involved in calculation accounts for more than 85% of the content of a test paper, and almost all the questions must be completed by calculation. Achievement reflects the quality of teaching, and the accuracy of calculation is the biggest threat to mathematics achievement. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the teaching of calculation and effectively improve the accuracy of calculation. A person can't live without calculation all his life, and the mathematical knowledge he needs in adulthood is basically finished in primary school. Therefore, it is not only a matter that affects students' study, but also a matter that affects students' life to learn the basic knowledge of number and calculation well and form a certain calculation ability in primary school. So, how to improve the accuracy of calculation? (1), teachers' teaching methods should be flexible and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. (2) Practice, check, encourage and persist frequently, and develop good study habits. (3) Strictly require the order, method and writing format of calculation. (4) Develop the good habit of inspection, master the estimation method and apply it to inspection. (5) Memorize the calculation results of some commonly used numbers. For example: 3. The product of14 and 1-9; The simplest fractional values whose denominators are 2, 4, 5, 8 and 10; The product of 25 and 4 and 8; /kloc-the product of 0/25 and 8, etc. To sum up, students' good study habits are the premise to improve the calculation accuracy. Therefore, we should pay special attention to cultivating students' good study habits. Habit is like a wheel on the road, which determines the direction of your life. Whether you are heading for success or failure, once you choose them, you will be immersed in them for a long time. Two things should be paid attention to in the teaching of mathematical calculation: paying attention to the cultivation of calculation consciousness; Attach importance to the teaching of arithmetic and algorithm. Two enhancements: strengthening the teaching of oral arithmetic; Strengthen the teaching of estimation and estimation.
Sixth, we should pay attention to the special individuals among students. There are several so-called "poor students" in each class, and these students often give us a headache. Many teachers are always patient and repeat a question to them, but after repeating it twice, they will involuntarily raise their voices and have no patience. In fact, we might as well think calmly: there is a gap between children, and what they need is help. Even if we scold him and beat him, such a gap still exists. Instead of hurting both teachers and students, it is better to lower the requirements, be more patient, encourage and tolerate, and give children a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere. In this way, maybe we will receive unexpected gains. Make the best use of people and things! So, let's calm down and spread knowledge while doing a good job of human nature propaganda. Cultivate their noble sentiments; Shaping their pure souls; Arouse their understanding and tolerance of the world; Arouse their love for life and life. To sum up, to improve the quality of mathematics teaching in primary schools, we should not only pay attention to the classroom, but also improve the teaching level of teachers, starting from usual times and starting from students' learning motivation, so as to cultivate students' good study habits. Therefore, teaching is a long-term, complex, slow and demanding task. Especially primary education needs our infinite enthusiasm and love.