Let's talk about the extended classification first (if you really like it, look down). Due to the complexity of aircraft structure, the classification basis of aircraft is also varied. We can classify aircraft according to their speed, structural appearance and performance years, but the most commonly used classification methods are as follows: classification by aircraft use: aircraft can be divided into military aircraft and civil aircraft according to their use.
Military aircraft refers to aircraft used in various military fields, while civil aircraft refers to all non-military aircraft (such as passenger planes, cargo planes, agricultural machinery, sports aircraft, ambulances and experimental research machines, etc.). The traditional classification of military aircraft is roughly as follows: fighter: also known as fighter, before World War II, it was called destroyer.
Its main purpose is to confront enemy fighters, seize air superiority and intercept enemy bombers, attack planes and cruise missiles. Sagittarius: Also known as attack aircraft, its main purpose is to attack ground (water) targets (such as fortifications, ground radar, artillery positions, tanks and ships, etc. ) directly support ground troops from low altitude and ultra-low altitude.
Bomber: refers to a military aircraft that bombards enemy frontline positions, maritime targets and strategic targets behind enemy lines from the air. According to its mission, it can be divided into tactical bomber and strategic bomber.
Reconnaissance plane: It is a military aircraft specialized in aerial reconnaissance and collecting enemy military intelligence. According to tasks, it can also be divided into tactical reconnaissance aircraft and strategic reconnaissance aircraft.
Transport plane: refers to a military aircraft that specializes in transportation tasks. Early warning aircraft: refers to the aircraft specially used for airborne early warning.
Other military aircraft: including electronic jammers, anti-submarine aircraft, trainers, aerial tankers, carrier aircraft and so on. Of course, with the continuous development of aviation technology and the continuous improvement of aircraft performance, the classification boundaries of military aircraft are becoming more and more blurred. It is entirely possible for an aircraft to perform more than two military missions at the same time, such as the American F- 1 17 fighter-bomber, which can not only attack the ground, but also drop bombs, and has certain air combat capability.
Now let's talk about the aircraft model: the naming method of military aircraft in most countries in the world is the model code plus serial number, and the model is changed. However, Russian/Soviet aircraft are named in a slightly different way.
Whether it is military or civilian, the Russian/former Soviet aircraft model consists of three parts. For example, the name of Su -27K aircraft can be divided into three parts: Su, 27, K (Russian alphabet). Let's see what these three parts mean.
The first part "Su" is the first sound of the name ""of the design bureau, indicating which design bureau designed this kind of aircraft. The planes of Sukhoi Design Bureau all start with "Su", and the planes of Antonov Design Bureau all start with "An".
The Ministry of Aviation Industry of the former Soviet Union has 1 1 independent design bureaus, all named after designers. List of the former Soviet Union Design Bureau The name of the Aircraft Design Bureau mainly designs aircraft drawings —— (Figure ——) Transport plane, bomber, early warning aircraft and interceptor of tupolev Design Bureau Su —— (Su ——) Sukhoi Design Bureau Destroyer bomber, interceptor Il —— (Il ——) Ilyushin Design Bureau Transport plane, bomber and attack aircraft MIG ——— (MIG ——) mikoyan/Levich design. Jakovleff Design Bureau interceptors, bombers, vertical take-off and landing attack aircraft, trainers An-(An-) Antonov Design Bureau transport aircraft Mi-(Mi-) Miri Design Bureau helicopter card-(Card-) was later changed to unmanned aircraft-(Be-) Belev Design Bureau seaplane Mia-(Mya-) Mia Sishev Design Bureau originally.
However, there are also many aircraft names with more than two letters, such as AV-8B, TR- 1A and so on. What do they mean? 1962, the U.S. Department of Defense stipulated a unified naming method for military aircraft, that is, naming code and name. The codes include model code, sequence code, modification code, mission change code and status code. The details are as follows: Of course, our common American-made aircraft generally consists of two or three codes, and there are few status codes and mission change codes, such as F- 16B, A- 10, B-52H, etc.
Generally, an airplane with four codes has a task change code in front of it (such as YF-22, XV- 15, etc.). ) or status code (such as AV-8B, TR- 1A, etc.). ). Few aircraft contain both mission change codes and status codes. Let's look at an example of using two mission change codes: in the name of RAH-66 "Che 'an" helicopter, H (helicopter) is the helicopter model code, and R (reconnaissance) and A (attack) are the mission change codes.
So we can know from the name that RAH-66 Comanche is an armed helicopter used by the United States for reconnaissance and attack. Let's talk about the main components of an airplane and their functions. Since the emergence of aircraft in the world, although the structural form of aircraft has been continuously improved and the types of aircraft have been increasing, up to now, except for a few special types of aircraft, most aircraft are composed of the following five main parts, namely: wing, fuselage, tail wing, landing gear and power plant.
They have their own unique functions. (a) The main function of the wing is to generate lift to support the aircraft to fly in the air; It also plays a certain role in stability and maneuverability.
Ailerons and flaps are generally installed on the wing. Control aileron can make the plane roll; Lowering the flap can increase the lift of the wing.
In addition, the wing can also be equipped with an engine, landing gear and fuel tank. Wings come in different shapes and numbers.
There have been biplanes in history, and even many biplanes have appeared. But modern aircraft are generally monoplane.
(2) The main function of the fuselage is to load passengers, crew, weapons, goods and various equipment; Other parts of the plane, such as the tail and the engine, can also be connected into a whole. (3) The tail includes horizontal tail and vertical tail.
The horizontal tail consists of a fixed horizontal fixed surface and a movable elevator. The vertical tail is covered.
2. A little knowledge about mathematics
A little knowledge of mathematics.
The origin of mathematical symbols
Besides counting, mathematics needs a set of mathematical symbols to express the relationship between number and number, number and shape. The invention and use of mathematical symbols are later than numbers, but they are much more numerous. Now there are more than 200 kinds in common use, and there are more than 20 kinds in junior high school math books. They all had an interesting experience.
For example, there used to be several kinds of plus signs, but now the "+"sign is widely used.
+comes from the Latin "et" (meaning "and"). /kloc-in the 6th century, the Italian scientist Nicolo Tartaglia used the initial letter of "più" (meaning "add") to indicate adding, and the grass was "μ" and finally became "+".
The number "-"evolved from the Latin word "minus" (meaning "minus"), abbreviated as m, and then omitted the letter, it became "-".
/kloc-In the 5th century, German mathematician Wei Demei officially determined that "+"was used as a plus sign and "-"was used as a minus sign.
Multipliers have been used for more than a dozen times, and now they are commonly used in two ways. One is "*", which was first proposed by the British mathematician Authaute at 163 1; One is "",which was first created by British mathematician heriott. Leibniz, a German mathematician, thinks that "*" is very similar to Latin letter "X", so he opposes the use of "*". He himself proposed to use "п" to represent multiplication. But this symbol is now applied to the theory of * * *.
/kloc-In the 8th century, American mathematician Audrey decided to use "*" as the multiplication symbol. He thinks "*" is an oblique "+",which is another symbol of increase.
""was originally used as a minus sign and has been popular in continental Europe for a long time. Until 163 1 year, the British mathematician Orkut used ":"to represent division or ratio, while others used "-"(except lines) to represent division. Later, in his book Algebra, the Swiss mathematician Laha officially used "∫" as a division symbol according to the creation of the masses.
/kloc-in the 6th century, the French mathematician Viette used "=" to indicate the difference between two quantities. However, Calder, a professor of mathematics and rhetoric at Oxford University in the United Kingdom, thinks that it is most appropriate to use two parallel and equal straight lines to indicate that two numbers are equal, so the symbol "=" has been used since 1540.
159 1 year, the French mathematician Veda used this symbol extensively in Spirit, and it was gradually accepted by people. /kloc-In the 7th century, Leibniz in Germany widely used the symbol "=", and he also used "∽" to indicate similarity and ""to indicate congruence in geometry.
Greater than sign ">" and less than sign "
3. Fighter knowledge
Striker is a kind of attack aircraft, which is mainly used to attack the enemy's low altitude, ultra-low altitude tactics and small targets with shallow depth, and directly supports the ground forces (surface ships) in combat.
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Fighter is a kind of military aircraft, which is used to destroy enemy planes and other flying air attack weapons in the air. It is also called fighter.
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The most advanced machine in the world is the 4th generation machine, which is the so-called 5th generation machine. There are mainly F22 and F35.
歼 10 can only be counted as three and a half generations/view /29 1976? fromenter=%BC%DF%CA%AE
4. 10 Math Story (shortest)
Where is the one yuan?
Three people stayed in a hotel, and the price per person per day was 10 yuan. Everyone paid 10 yuan, and the total was the boss 30 yuan. Later, the boss gave a discount of 5 yuan and asked the waiter to return it to them. As a result, the waiter embezzled 2 yuan, and each of the remaining 3 yuan returned 1 yuan, which means that each person spent 9 yuan's money. Three people spent a total of * * * 27 yuan, plus 2 yuan, a corrupt waiter, spent a total of * * * 29 yuan. Where did the dollar go?
Divide apples
There are five students in Xiaomi's family Xiaomi's father wants to entertain six children with apples, but there are only five apples at home. What shall we do? I have to cut the apple, but I can't cut it into pieces. Xiaomi's father wants each apple to be cut into three pieces at most. This has become another topic: divide five apples equally among six children, and each apple is not allowed to be cut into more than three pieces.
How did Xiaomi's father do it?
Ma Xiao Hu cooked chicken
During the Spring Festival, Xiao Mahu, a professional chicken farmer, stood in the yard, counted the total number of chickens, decided to stay and gave 1/2 to the nursing home. After he sent the chicken away, he listened to 323131335323631303231363533e4b893e5b19e3/kloc-0. So I counted the chickens inside and outside the room again, and there was nothing wrong, no more, no less, just 1/2 left. Little careless and strange. What's the problem? Do you know how many chickens Xiao Mahu counted in the yard? "This article is organized by the first model essay network, and the copyright belongs to the original author and the original source. 』
How many guests came one day and Xiao Lin was washing dishes at home. Xiao Qiang saw it and asked, "Why do you wash so many bowls?" "
We have guests at home. ""How many people came? " Kobayashi said, "I don't know. I only know that each of them uses a rice bowl, two people share a soup bowl, three people share a vegetable bowl, four people share a big wine bowl, and one * * uses 15 bowl. "Do you know how many guests are here?
5. Little knowledge of mathematics
The origin of mathematical symbols In addition to counting, mathematics needs a set of mathematical symbols to express the relationship between numbers and shapes.
The invention and use of mathematical symbols are later than numbers, but they are much more numerous. Now there are more than 200 kinds in common use, and there are more than 20 kinds in junior high school math books.
They all had an interesting experience. For example, there used to be several kinds of plus signs, but now the "+"sign is widely used.
+comes from the Latin "et" (meaning "and"). /kloc-in the 6th century, the Italian scientist Nicolo Tartaglia used the initial letter of "più" (meaning "add") to indicate adding, and the grass was "μ" and finally became "+".
The number "-"evolved from the Latin word "minus" (meaning "minus"), abbreviated as m, and then omitted the letter, it became "-". /kloc-In the 5th century, German mathematician Wei Demei officially determined that "+"was used as a plus sign and "-"was used as a minus sign.
Multipliers have been used for more than a dozen times, and now they are commonly used in two ways. One is "*", which was first proposed by the British mathematician Authaute at 163 1; One is "",which was first created by British mathematician heriott.
Leibniz, a German mathematician, thinks that "*" is very similar to Latin letter "X", so he opposes the use of "*". He himself proposed to use "п" to represent multiplication.
But this symbol is now applied to the theory of * * *. /kloc-In the 8th century, American mathematician Audrey decided to use "*" as the multiplication symbol.
He thinks "*" is an oblique "+",which is another symbol of increase. ""was originally used as a minus sign and has been popular in continental Europe for a long time.
Until 163 1 year, the British mathematician Orkut used ":"to represent division or ratio, while others used "-"(except lines) to represent division. Later, in his book Algebra, the Swiss mathematician Laha officially used "∫" as a division symbol according to the creation of the masses.
/kloc-in the 6th century, the French mathematician Viette used "=" to indicate the difference between two quantities. However, Calder, a professor of mathematics and rhetoric at Oxford University in the United Kingdom, thinks that it is most appropriate to use two parallel and equal straight lines to indicate that two numbers are equal, so the symbol "=" has been used since 1540.
159 1 year, the French mathematician Veda used this symbol extensively in Spirit, and it was gradually accepted by people. /kloc-The symbol "=" was widely used in Leibniz, Germany in the 0/7th century. He also used "∽" to indicate similarity and ""to indicate congruence in geometry.
Greater than sign ">" and less than sign "
Braces "{}" and brackets "[]" were created by Wei Zhide, one of the founders of algebra.