The first chapter: The stories of mathematical celebrities in mathematical handwritten newspaper materials.
Hua (191010 12 ~1June 98512), a native of Jintan, Jiangsu Province, is an international master of mathematics and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. He is China's analytic number theory, matrix geometry, canonical group and so on. He made unparalleled contributions to the development of mathematics in China. Known as "the father of modern mathematics in China", he was listed as one of 88 great mathematicians by the Chicago Museum of Science and Technology. Bateman, a famous American mathematical historian, wrote: "Hua is China's Einstein, enough to be an academician of all the famous academies in the world." .
Mr. Hua's early research field was analytic number theory, and his achievements in analytic number theory were particularly famous. The internationally famous "China Analytic Number Theory School" is a school initiated by China, which has made many significant contributions to the distribution of prime numbers and Goldbach conjecture.
His outstanding contributions to the theory of multiple complex variables and matrix geometry have influenced the development of mathematics in the world. There is also the internationally renowned "China Typical Group School". Mr. Hua's research on the theory of multiple complex variables and typical groups is ahead of the western mathematics field 10 years, and these research results have been highly praised by famous mathematicians in China. Mr. Hua is an unparalleled genius.
Raul Xiong Fei, a famous mathematician, said, "He is one of the top mathematicians in the world because of his extensive research. Perhaps more people are directly influenced by him than any mathematician in history. " The existence of Hua is comparable to the outstanding value of any great mathematician. "
Ha Zeng: "Hua was one of the internationally famous mathematicians of his time."
Klada: "Hua Luogeng formed China mathematics."
American number theorist Lemmer said: "China has an incredible ability to seize the best work of others and accurately point out the ways in which these results can be improved." He has his own skills. He read widely and mastered all the commanding heights of number theory in the 20th century. His main interest is to improve the whole field. He tried to promote every result he encountered. "
Qiu Chengtong: "Sir ... started to study in Tsinghua from Jiangnan. Wandering around the world, from Hardy, visiting Russian teachers and visiting the United States. Innovation and change, knowing each other. Prime number of pile foundation, complex variable and multivariate. Elegant and colorful, reflect each other. Ordinary people in autumn, become a family, stand out from the crowd, who is it, and her husband ... "
Mr. Wang Yuan said that from the field of mathematics, it can be roughly divided into two parts: one is analysis and the other is algebra. Most mathematicians generally only make contributions in one field, such as myself, that is, in analysis; But China has made great contributions in two aspects. On the other hand, mathematics is divided into pure mathematics and applied mathematics, and Hua has made great contributions to both.
Wu Yaozu: "Mr. Hua is very talented and studious. He is proficient in Chinese and foreign studies, with profound knowledge and many books. His life, work and contribution can be seen from the extensive mathematical fields he has experienced, which can be discussed in depth, simple and clear, can be popularized in all directions, and can be abstracted in all directions ... "
"I am not as lucky as my elders and can become a disciple of Hua Lao." In the view of Yang Le, an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences and a famous mathematician, it is a lifelong regret that I didn't become an official apprentice of Hua Lao. "But on the road of mathematical research, Hua Lao really influenced me deeply."
Bateman, a famous American mathematical historian, wrote: "Hua is China's Einstein, enough to be an academician of all the famous academies in the world." .
It is listed as one of the 88 great mathematicians in the world in the Chicago Museum of Science and Technology.
Known as "people's scientists"
Chapter 2: Mathematical Story: Perfect Numbers with Infinite Charm
In the 3rd century BC, ancient Greek mathematicians had a soft spot for numbers. In the factorization of logarithm, they found some wonderful properties, such as the sum of the true factors of numbers is equal to each other, so the affinity number was born; And the sum of some true factors is actually equal to itself, so we find the perfect number. 6 is the first perfect number that people know.
Discovery of perfect numbers
Pythagoras, a pioneer in the study of numbers, found that the sum of the true factors of 6, 1, 2 and 3 is equal to 6. He said with great interest: "6 symbolizes perfect marriage, health and beauty, because all its parts are complete, and its sum is equal to itself."
Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, put forward the concept of perfect number in the book Republic.
About 300 BC, Euclid, the master of geometry, gave the method of finding the perfect number for the first time in the last proposition of chapter 9 of his masterpiece Elements of Geometry. This is the famous Euclid theorem: "If 2n- 1 is a prime number, then the natural number 2n- 1 must be a perfect number." And the proof is given.
In 1 20th century, Nico Matthews, a member of Pythagorean school and a famous mathematician in ancient Greece, correctly gave four perfect numbers of 6, 28, 496 and 8 128 in his book Introduction to Arithmetic, and popularly repeated Euclid's theorem of seeking perfect numbers and its proof. He also divided natural numbers into three categories: rich numbers, insufficient numbers and perfect numbers, which mean less than, greater than and equal to the sum of all true factors respectively.
One step forward in the Millennium
After the birth of the perfect number in ancient Greece, it attracted many mathematicians and math lovers to look for it like gold panning. However, generation after generation has devoted countless efforts, and no one has found the fifth perfect number.
Later, due to the constant wars in Europe, Greek and Roman science gradually declined, and some outstanding scientists fled to Arabia, India, Italy and other countries with their achievements and wisdom. Since then, Greek and Roman civilization has never recovered.
It was not until 1202 that a glimmer of light appeared. Fibonacci, Italy, traveled with his father to Greece, Egypt, Arabia and other ancient civilizations when he was young, and learned a lot of mathematical knowledge. He is very clever. After returning to China, he devoted himself to studying the collected mathematics and wrote the famous book "Abacus Book". He became the first person to spread oriental culture and system in Europe and introduce oriental mathematics to the west in the third century, and became a mathematical star on the eve of the Western Renaissance. Fibonacci never let go of the study of perfect numbers. He announced that he had found an effective rule and found the perfect number after calculation. It's a pity that no one sang * * *, and it became a thing of the past.
How time flies, 1460. Just when people were at a loss, someone unexpectedly found that the fifth perfect number 33550336 was mysteriously given in an anonymous manuscript. This is more than 4000 times larger than the fourth perfect number 8 128. Such a large span, we can imagine the hardships of the discoverer in ancient times, but the manuscript does not explain how he got it, nor does it announce his name, which is even more puzzling.
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