(16) Since the end of 20 15, the excavation and display of the tomb of Liu He, a trapped Hou in the Western Han Dynasty, has aroused widespread concern in academic circles and the public. Read the material and answer the questions.

Material 1 According to Hanshu, Liu He was the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the son of Chang, who succeeded to the throne in his early years. In 74 BC, Emperor Hanzhao died childless, and Huo Guang made Liu He emperor. But soon, Huo Guang and his ministers jointly played out the misdeeds of Liu He after he entered the DPRK, such as: no sorrow at the time of mourning, no vegetarian food, plundering women and abolishing gifts; That is, after the emperor ascended the throne, he offered sacrifices to his father with the most solemn ceremony, instead of offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple ... and demanded the removal of Liu He. The empress dowager must play. In the first 63 years, Liu He was named "Sea Faint".

Material 2 Since the collapse of Emperor Wu, Huo Guang has been in charge of state affairs for more than ten years. Liu He, the king of Changyi, was eager to lead the court affairs after he entered Beijing, and he was also closely related to the old minister of Changyi. On the 27th day of his reign, the emissary "issued a letter to all the governments, which boded well for regaining political power". Huo Guang abolished Liu He in order to maintain his power.

~ Excerpted from Boyuan Liao's "Kao Fei Chang Yi Wang"

Material 3 Confucianism, such as The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Rites, and rectangular bronze mirrors engraved with the image and biography of Confucius were unearthed in Liu He's tomb, which are the earliest statues of Confucius discovered so far. Based on this, it is easy to judge that Liu He is by no means an illiterate dude, but a royal family with profound cultural accomplishment, and the records about Liu He in Hanshu are not credible.

Excerpts from Xin Deyong's Liu He, etc.

(1) What system was Liu He's title related to in the Han Dynasty? Summarize the reasons why Hanshu abolished Liu He's throne. (4 points)

2) How does Material 2 explain why Liu He was scrapped? (2 points) Explain why the material 1 is different from the material 2. (4 points)

(3) According to the knowledge learned, point out the historical facts confirmed by the unearthed cultural relics in Material 3. What is the value of these unearthed cultural relics to the materials? How to treat the evaluation of Liu He in Material 3? (6 points)

answer

(1) county and state parallel system. (2 points)

Lose etiquette, disorderly system. (2 points)

2) Huo Guang is authoritarian, and Liu He is eager to take power, which intensifies the contradiction. (2 points)

The first material is a historical account; The second material is historical analysis. (4 points)

(3) Confucianism becomes orthodoxy. (2 points)

It enriches the historical description and analysis of material 1 and material 2. (2 points)

It is not objective and sufficient to overturn the description of Liu He in Hanshu only by the existing unearthed cultural relics. (2 points)

analyse

This question examines candidates' ability to analyze and interpret materials and their ability to answer questions with what they have learned.

(1) The first question, according to the first document, "In the first 63 years, Liu He was named' Seafood', and combined with the knowledge learned, the parallel system of counties and countries was implemented in the early Han Dynasty, so Liu He could be named' Hou' and become the late ruler.

The second question is the reason, according to the material-"... wasting etiquette; That is, after the emperor ascended the throne, he used the most solemn ceremony to worship his ancestors without sacrificing the ancestral temple ... "It can be summarized that the reason why Liu He was abolished was the lack of etiquette and the chaotic system.

(2) The first question, according to the material, "Since the collapse of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Huo Guang has been in power for more than 10 years ... signs of regaining power. Huo Guang abolished Liu He in order to maintain his power. "Huo Guang authoritarian, prince he of changyi want to take back power, in order to avoid power transfer, Huo Guang abolished Liu He.

The second problem is that, by comparing the materials, we can see that the first material is the record of Hanshu, which is the account of historical events, and the second material is the article made by later generations, which is the analysis and research of historical events.

(3) The first question, the materials mentioned something related to Confucianism and Confucius, combined with what we have learned, we can know that Confucianism became orthodox in the Han Dynasty.

Second, unearthed cultural relics are a supplement to historical records, enriching historical records and analysis.

Third, the historical evaluation should be well-founded, objective and sufficient, and the evaluation in Material 3 is not objective and sufficient because there is not enough factual evidence to support it.