Examination for Beginner Programmers: Examination Subject 1: Basic Knowledge of Computer Software and Hardware \ \x0d\\x0d\ 1+0. Computer basics \x0d\ 1 number system and its transformation \x0d\ binary, decimal and hexadecimal number systems and their mutual transformation \ number representation (built-in representation of original code, complement, integer and real number, precision and overflow) \x0d\ non-numerical representation (built-in representation of characters and Chinese characters, built-in representation of sounds and images) Operation method of binary number in computer \x0d\ Basic operation of logical algebra and simplification of logical expression \x0d\ 1.4 Mathematical application \x0d\ Common numerical calculation (approximate solution and interpolation of matrix and equation) \x0d\ permutation and combination, applied statistics (statistical analysis of data) \x0d\ 65438+. Array (statement array and dynamic array), linear table, linked list (one-way linked list, two-way linked list and circular linked list), queue, stack, tree (binary tree and search tree), definition, storage and operation of graph \x0d\ 1.6 Common algorithms \x0d\ Common sorting algorithms, search algorithms, numerical calculation and character strings. The relationship between algorithm and data structure, algorithm efficiency, algorithm design, algorithm description (flow chart, pseudocode, decision table) \x0d\ 2. Basic knowledge of computer system \x0d\ 2. 1 basic knowledge of hardware \x0d\ 2. 1 composition of computer system, hardware system, software system and 2. 1.2 computer types and characteristics \ x0d \ microcomputers, workstations, servers, mainframes and supercomputers \ Composition of arithmetic unit and controller, common registers, instruction system, addressing mode, instruction execution control, processor performance \x0d\ 2.65)\x0d\ composition of main memory, performance and basic principles \x0d\ concept of cache, concept of virtual storage \x0d\ types of auxiliary storage devices. 2. 1.5 I/O interfaces, I/O devices and communication devices \ x0d \ Types and characteristics of I/O interfaces (bus, DMA, channel, SCSI, parallel port, RS232C, USB, IEEE1394) \x0d\ I/O devices (types and characteristics) I/O device control mode (interrupt control, DMA)\x0d\ Types and characteristics of communication devices (modems, hubs, switches, repeaters, routers, bridges and gateways) and their connection modes and connection media (types and characteristics of serial connection, parallel connection and transmission media) \x0d\ 2.2 Software foundation \x0d\ 2.2 X0d\ Process concept of kernel (interrupt control) and operating system \x0d\ processor management, storage management, device management, file management, job management \x0d \ Chinese character processing \ x0d assembly, compilation and interpretation system basics \x0d\ basic components of programming language (data, operation, control and transmission) \x0d\ process (function) call. Common network equipment and network communication equipment, basic knowledge of network operating system and usage \x0d\ client/server structure, browser/server structure \x0d\ LAN basic knowledge \x0d\ 2.4 database basic knowledge \x0d\ main functions and characteristics of database management system \x0d\ database model (conceptual model, external model and internal model) \x0d\ data. Data manipulation (relational manipulation) \x0d\ Database language (SQL)\x0d\ Main control functions of database \x0d\ 2. Common multimedia file formats \x0d\ Basic processing methods for drawing simple graphics and image files \x0d\ Application of audio and video information \x0d\ Making methods for simple multimedia applications \x0d\ 2.6 Concepts such as response time, throughput and turnaround time \x0d\ Concepts such as reliability, maintainability, expansibility, portability, usability, reusability and security \x0d\ 2.7 Basic knowledge of computer application and operation methods of common office software \x0d\ Information management, data processing, aided design, automatic control, scientific calculation and artificial intelligence \x0d\ Basic knowledge of spreadsheet processing and common operation methods \x0d\ Presentation making method \x0d\ E-mail processing operation method \x0d\ Web page making method \x0d\ 3. Basic knowledge of software development and operation and maintenance \x0d\ 3. 1 Basic knowledge of software engineering and project management \x0d\ Basic concepts of software engineering \ Software development. X0d\ Fundamentals of software engineering project management \x0d\ Fundamentals of object-oriented development methods \x0d\ Fundamentals of software development tools and environment (cases) \x0d\ Fundamentals of software quality management \x0d\ 3.2 Fundamentals of software requirements analysis, requirements definition and software \ X0d\ structural analysis concepts (data flow diagram (DFD), entity relationship diagram (ER Basic knowledge of object-oriented design and structural design \x0d\ Basic knowledge of simulation design, code design and human-machine interface design \x0d\ 3.3 Basic knowledge of programming \x0d\ Structural design programming, program flow chart, NS diagram and PAD diagram. X0d\ Basic knowledge of object-oriented design and visual programming \x0d\ 3.4 Basic knowledge of program testing \x0d\ Basic knowledge of black box testing, white box testing and gray box testing \x0d\ Test workflow \x0d\ 3.5 Basic knowledge of software development documents \x0d\ 3.6 Basic knowledge of software operation and maintenance \x0d\ Software operation. X0d\ Fundamentals of software maintenance \x0d\ 4. Security basics \x0d\ security basics \x0d\ computer virus prevention and computer crime prevention \x0d\ access control \x0d\ encryption and decryption basics \x0d\ 5. Standardization foundation \x0d\ standardization foundation \x0d\ international standards, national standards, industry standards, enterprise standards \x0d\ basic knowledge of code standards, file format standards, security standards, software development specifications and document standards \ X0d\ standardization organization \x0d\ 6. basic knowledge of informatization \ x0d \ basic concepts of informatization \ x0d \ Computer English \x0d\ Mastering basic vocabulary of computer technology \x0d\ Being able to read and understand simple English materials in this field correctly \ x0d \1. Internal design \x0d\ 1. 1 Understanding external design \x0d\ 1.2 Determination of function and structure \x0d\ Data flow diagram, structure diagram \x0d\ 1.3 Physical data design \x0d\ Data organization 1.4 detailed input and output design \x0d\ interface design, report design \x0d\ 1.5 internal design document \x0d\ program interface, program function, man-machine interface, description of input and output, test plan \x0d\ 1.6 internal design document \ 2.2 programming document \ X0d \ module specification (description of program processing logic and input/output 3. 1 programming \x0d\ programming methods and standards \x0d\ use of programming language \x0d\ manual inspection \x0d\ program document \x0d\ 3.2 program testing \x0d\ preparation for testing. 4. Programming language (C language is required, other languages are optional) \x0d\ 4. 1 C programming language (ANSI C++ standard) \x0d\ program structure, grammar, data type description, executable statement, function call, standard library function, pointer \ x0d \ 4.2C ++ programming language (ANSI)c++ and object-oriented programming, grammar and program structure, classes, members, constructors, templates, inheritance, polymorphism \x0d\ 4.3 Java programming (Java 2)\x0d\ Java and object-oriented programming 4.4 Visual Basic programming (Visual Basic 6.0)\x0d\ user interface. X0d\ Program Structure and Grammar \x0d\ File System Object \x0d\ Access to Database \x0d\ Review Materials (all from Tsinghua University Publishing House): \ x0d \ 978-7-302-20585-