The ancient Indians invented ten numerical symbols, including "zero", and also invented the decimal method of location counting, which is widely used now. Because of position counting, the same digital symbol can represent different values because of different positions. If a digit has no number, write "0" on it. The application of "0" makes the decimal method more perfect and of great significance. Ten numerical symbols were later introduced to Europe by Arabs, and were mistakenly called Arabic numerals by Europeans. Because the decimal method is used for counting, Arabic numerals are simple in strokes, convenient to write and clear in appearance, especially when used for written calculation, which is very convenient for calculation. Therefore, with the development of history, Arabic numerals have gradually become popular in various countries and become universal numbers in the world. In order to imagine the number "4", it is necessary to add 2 and 2. 5 is 2 plus 2 plus 1, and 3 is 2 plus 1. It's probably too late to use five fingers in handwriting to represent the number 5 and ten fingers in both hands to represent the number 10. This principle is actually the basis of our calculation. The count in Rome is only V (that is, 5) at most, and the number within X (that is, 10) is a combination of V(5) and other numbers. X is a combination of two V's, and the same digital symbol has different quantities according to its positional relationship with other digital symbols. In this way, the concept of digital position began, and this important contribution in mathematics should be attributed to the ancient residents of the two river basins. Later, the ancients improved on this basis and invented ten symbols 1234567890 to represent numbers, which became the basis of our counting today. In the eighth century, the oldest zero-symbol engraving record appeared in India. At that time, zero was the first. Around 500 AD, with the rise and development of economy, culture and Buddhism, Punjab in the northwest of Indian subcontinent has been in a leading position in mathematics. Astronomer Ayepihite made a new breakthrough in simplifying numbers: he recorded the numbers with a grid. If there is a symbol in the first grid, such as a point representing 1, then the same point in the second grid represents ten, and the point in the third grid represents one hundred. In this way, not only the digital symbols themselves, but also their position order is of great significance. Later, Indian scholars introduced the symbol zero. It can be said that these symbols and representations are the old ancestors of Arabic numerals today. Two hundred years later, the Arabs unified under Islam conquered the neighboring nationalities and established the Saracen Empire, which started from India in the east and went to Africa and Spain in the west. Later, this great Islamic empire split into two countries, East and West. Because the kings of these two countries have rewarded culture and art, the capitals of both countries are very prosperous, with Baghdad in the east, Greek culture in the west and Indian culture in the east all gathering here. Arabs understand and digest two cultures, thus creating a unique Arab culture. About 700 years ago, the Arabs conquered Punjab, and they were surprised to find that the mathematics in the conquered area was more advanced than theirs. In what way can these advanced mathematics be moved to Arabia? In 77 1 year, mathematicians from northern India were captured in Baghdad, Arabia, and forced to teach local people new mathematical symbols and systems, as well as Indian-style calculation methods (that is, the calculation methods we use now). Because Indian numerals and Indian counting methods are simple and convenient, their advantages far exceed other calculation methods. Arab scholars are willing to learn these advanced knowledge, and businessmen are willing to do business in this way. Later, Arabs introduced this figure to Spain. 10 century, by Pope Gelber? Auriac spread to other European countries. Around 1200, European scholars formally adopted these symbols and systems. In the13rd century, at the initiative of Fibonacci, a mathematician in Pisa, Italy, ordinary Europeans also began to adopt Arabic numerals, which was quite common in the15th century. At that time, the shape of Arabic numerals was not exactly the same as that of modern Arabic numerals, but they were relatively close. Many mathematicians have spent a lot of effort to make them become the writing methods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 today. Arabic numerals originated in India, but spread to all directions through Arabs, which is why they were later called Arabic numerals.