Mathematical Manuscripts: Children's Mathematical Games 1, Reciting Numbers

Ask children to recite a series of numbers dictated by adults in reverse order, such as 32 1 when dictation 123. When reciting numbers, you are not allowed to look at the written numbers or write down the dictated numbers with your own hair pen. This requires children to pay great attention to listening, recite the numbers immediately, and think hard at the same time, that is, recite the order of the numbers backwards through reverse thinking. In the investigation of 1987, it is found that 8.5% of 4-year-old children and 72.5% of 5-year-old children can recite backwards. 7.4% of 5-year-old children, 74.5% of 70-month-old children and 98.5% of 76-month-old children can recite backwards. 1995 found that at the age of 4, 82% of people can recite two digits, 25% can recite three digits, 10.2% can recite five digits and 3.4% can recite six digits. Binet.Alfred's L-M Scale requires 3 digits for 7 years old, 4 digits for 9 years old and 5 digits for 12 years old. Only adults with high IQ can recite six figures. Webster's 1950 pointed out that repeating and reversing numbers is a way to measure intelligence. If adults can't repeat five digits and reverse three digits, there is a 90% chance that they will be diagnosed with mental retardation and memory defect, and they can't concentrate on any hard work.

Step 2 count down the seconds

Countdown is the countdown from big to small, such as 5432 1. Children who have learned to count down with nursery rhymes can count down from 10 to 1 from the age of three and a half. Children's songs rhyme smoothly:123,321,1234567,7654321. It's easy to learn to recite 7- 1, 10, 9 and 8 first. The key to the countdown is 10-9, such as key exercises 100-99, 90-89, 70-69. After practice, children can count down from the maximum number of times they remember to 1. According to the census of 1987, 7.4% of the untrained children at 44 months, and 75.6% at 54 months can count from 5 to 1. At 46 months, there are 10.5 children, and at 64 months, 76.4% children can count down to 10- 1. At 48 months, 7.2% children, 74 months, 25.6% children and 80 months, 95.6% children can count down to 20- 1. 5.4% of 4-year-old children can count down to 30- 1, and 72.3% can count down to 30- 1 in 76 months. At 66 months, 8.2% people will count down to 50- 1, and 4.8% of them will count down from 100 to 1. The Binet.Alfred 19 16 scale counts down from 20 to 1 until the age of 8. Many foreign experts believe that it is impossible to count down from 20 to 1 before the age of 7.

Binet.Alfred L-M 1972 scale cancelled this item. The author thinks that children in China can count backwards, because China numbers are monosyllabic and easy to learn and recite. Especially from 1 1-20, there is no regular change, so it is easier to learn the countdown.

3. About integration

Children in our country learn to distinguish right from left because they hold chopsticks very early. Almost all children who can hold chopsticks know that the hand holding chopsticks is the right hand. Individual children in Zuo Li also know that they hold chopsticks with their left hand, so they have known that they use their right hand since 26 months. Parents often play games with their children in front of the mirror, and the children will quickly point to their left eye, right ear, left shoulder, right knee, right armpit and left elbow. The earliest time for children to distinguish between left and right shoes is 23 months, mostly 33 months, and only a few people deprived of independence can delay it to 52 months. Both Binet.Alfred Scale and gesell Scale abroad believe that children should be able to distinguish between left and right when they are 6 years old. Even McCarthy's Children's Game Scale 1978 stipulates that children should take a game test at the age of 5.

The left and right points are the perception of knowing the spatial orientation. Living in ancient walled cities such as Beijing, it is easier for children to tell the difference between southeast and northwest, and it will be clear when they are almost 4 years old. In Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin and other colonial cities, even many adults may not be able to tell the difference between the east and the west. Therefore, the cognition of spatial orientation is influenced by the region.

Do you know how old you are?

From 10 month, if adults ask? How old are you, the baby will stand up and answer, 15 months will speak for himself? 1 year? . Does the baby who talks late talk for 28 months? Two years old? . However, both Binet.Alfred Scale and gesell Scale believe that you should be 5 years old to correctly answer your age.

Step 5 draw a square

Children around 3 years old are required to draw at least one square with a right angle. Children in our country can learn to draw squares from 30 months, and then it is 44 months. Because many Chinese characters are square, children are used to reading square characters, and some parents let their babies learn to write Chinese characters at the age of two and a half, so it is easier for children in China to draw square characters. The age ratio of learning to draw a square is five years old, and that of gesell is four and a half years old. The DSST scale (Frankberg 1967) used for screening at ordinary times is 4-5 years old.

6. Know coins and change money

At 50 months, 74.6% of children will recognize three kinds of coins. At 53 months, 76.8% of children will use 1 and 2 to make 5 points, or 1 and 5 cents to make 1 yuan. 78.2% children aged 5-6 learn the game of trading with coins.

Binet.Alfred stipulated that he could recognize four kinds of coins when he was six years old. In America, there are four kinds of coins: 1, 5, 1 and 25. Binet.Alfred L-M Scale stipulates that you should learn to change money at the age of 9, that is, you should change money within 35 minutes. Coins in our country are based on 10, which may be relatively easy, but it is also considerable to advance 3-4 years.

Mathematics manuscript content: Little knowledge of mathematics learning 1. What should we grasp to learn mathematics well? Foundation? Basic concepts should be clear, basic laws should be familiar, and basic methods should be skilled.

After you finish the topic, you must sum it up carefully, so that you won't spend too much time and energy when you encounter similar problems in the future.

3. Have a comprehensive understanding of mathematical concepts, and don't generalize by partiality.

4. The ultimate goal of learning concepts is to solve specific problems with concepts. Therefore, we should actively use the mathematical concepts we have learned to analyze and solve related mathematical problems.

5. To master the problem-solving methods of various types of questions, consciously sum them up in practice, and slowly cultivate the analytical habits that suit you.

6. Actively improve the ability to comprehensively analyze problems, and analyze and understand with the help of text reading.

7. In learning, we should consciously pay attention to the transfer of knowledge and cultivate the ability to solve problems.

8. We can integrate the knowledge we have learned into a system by analogy.

9. Linking the contents of each chapter, comparing different chapters and truly integrating the knowledge before and after can help us to understand the knowledge system and content systematically and deeply.

10. In mathematics learning, we can find out their similarities and differences and connections by comparing similar concepts or laws with formulas, thus deepening our understanding and memory. Clear the relationship between mathematical knowledge, thoroughly understand the concept, know its derivation process, so that knowledge is organized and systematic.

1 1. When learning mathematics, we should not only pay attention to the types of questions, but also pay attention to the typical types of questions.

12. For some principles, theorems and formulas in mathematics, we should not only remember its conclusions, but also understand how this conclusion was reached.

13. When learning mathematics, remember and correctly describe the concepts and laws.

14. Pay attention to understanding, develop ideas, turn abstract into concrete, and gradually cultivate your interest in learning mathematics.

15. Proper concept classification can simplify the learned content, highlight the key points, clarify the context, and facilitate analysis, comparison, synthesis and concept.