Classroom teaching is the central link of the whole teaching process, and attending classes is obviously the central link of students' learning. Therefore, it is very important to guide students to master effective listening methods and improve listening efficiency.

First, fully prepare before class

(A) knowledge preparation-study before class.

The preparation of knowledge is mainly related books involved in the new curriculum. The preparation of complex knowledge and new knowledge, the main difficulties to be grasped in the preparation of new knowledge, and the clear focus of lectures are important preparations.

Confucius said, "Review the past and learn the new". Accept new knowledge in class and review old knowledge. The process of preview is a process of reviewing and preparing old knowledge, and it is also a process of transition from old knowledge to new knowledge, that is, a process of reviewing old knowledge and learning new ones. To learn some new knowledge, we should know what old knowledge to use, what old knowledge to contact and what to prepare. Only in this way can new knowledge be incorporated into the old knowledge system and a brand-new knowledge structure be formed.

(2) Be prepared physically and psychologically.

Learning in class is a hard work, which requires students to have abundant energy and healthy physical strength. In order to make good physical preparation, students are required to do two things: one is to get enough sleep and rest, and the other is to pay attention to diet and nutrition.

Good psychological preparation in class is a very important preparation work, but it is often ignored by students. In fact, the learning process is a movement process accompanied by students' psychological factors such as motivation, emotion, interest, will, perseverance and personality, and its participation is directly proportional to learning efficiency. The purpose and mood of students in class are particularly important. Experts believe that students can give full play to their learning potential and improve their learning effect only if their purpose is very clear and their mood is very happy. In this regard, teachers' responsibilities are mainly manifested in two aspects: one is to actively guide and stimulate students' above-mentioned psychological factors in a positive state, and the other is not to dampen or inhibit students' positive psychological factors before or during teaching. Imagine, before class or in class, a student was reprimanded by the teacher, even verbally abused or physically punished because of his lack of discipline. One person did it, and the whole class trained with him. This not only makes the students' positive psychological state drop to a low point, but also greatly reduces the interest of the whole class. Where can I have a good teaching effect?

Second, pay attention to class.

The principle of system theory tells us that learning new knowledge is a circular process of receiving information, information processing (assimilation and transformation), information storage, information output, information feedback and then receiving information. In the classroom, the process of this information activity is not once, but many times. The efficiency of learning depends on the smoothness of information channels and the quality of information activities. Listening to lectures is the first level to receive information and information activities. Whether you can concentrate on it or not determines the quantity of information you receive and the quality of information activities, and determines the efficiency of the whole learning process.

To concentrate in class means to concentrate and fully mobilize all kinds of senses to participate in the class, not to do it all at once. Many excellent students are absorbed in class, don't think, don't move, don't look around, try to eliminate class interference, and do eye-to-eye, ear-to-ear, hand in hand, heart to heart; When reading, listening, thinking and writing, the mind is in a highly competitive state. Of course, it is impossible and unnecessary to stay absorbed for dozens of minutes in a class. At the same time, it also violates the laws of psychological activities. A successful learner can not only follow the wave of the teacher's teaching, but also do some buffering, stretching and automatic adjustment when necessary to refresh his mind. Students can focus on the teacher's teaching of the difficulties they found in the preview, and concentrate on finding out the teacher's teaching ideas; For what the teacher has taught, you can relax your brain for a while to adjust the physiological mechanism of excitement and inhibition and refocus your attention.

Third, think actively and seriously.

Learning is inseparable from thinking, and attending classes is a main form of students' learning, and it is also inseparable from thinking. "Thinking is bright, thinking is dark". Without thinking, understanding new concepts and mastering the internal relations between old and new knowledge are all empty talk, and the practical significance of class will no longer exist. Learning and thinking are dialectical unity and mutual transformation. Learning is to receive and store information, thinking is to judge and process information, thinking must have something to think about, which is learned knowledge, and knowledge is the "raw material" of thinking. Learning is the foundation, thinking is development, the process of learning is the process of thinking, learning must think, thinking in learning, and good thinking is good learning. Einstein said: "It is often more important to ask a question than to solve it. Because solving a problem may be just a number or experimental skill, but putting forward new problems, new possibilities and looking at old problems from a new perspective requires creative imagination, which marks the real progress of science. "

Active and serious thinking in class means thinking about the context of what you have learned, the connection with old knowledge and the application in practice.

First of all, we must understand the new knowledge in the classroom. Understanding new knowledge is the purpose of class and the premise of developing intelligence.

You don't need to understand well in class. "Make up after class" is a waste of time and is not good for intellectual development. What is "understanding"? One is to understand the concept of new knowledge; The second is to understand the truth, that is, to understand the internal relationship between old and new knowledge. Understanding this problem from the perspective of system theory, understanding concepts or conclusions is the guarantee to realize the effectiveness of input information, and understanding its reasons means that understanding the internal relationship between old and new knowledge is the process of information processing; Without the guarantee of understanding, that is, without the guarantee of the effectiveness of the output information, information processing is impossible, information storage, output and feedback will cease to exist, and the lecture will lose its practical significance.

Secondly, ask the teacher's thinking, the teacher's thinking, that is, the thinking form, thinking method and thinking law used by the teacher during the lecture. Students should not only be satisfied with understanding new knowledge, but also clarify the naked thinking of teachers. The significance of clarifying teachers' thinking lies in learning how to use scientific thinking methods, develop their abilities and master academic skills while mastering knowledge. This is the fundamental significance of our study of learning methods.

A national college entrance examination science champion once said: "The purpose of my lecture is to compare my thinking method with the teacher's, find out the gap and cultivate my thinking ability." It can be seen that it is of great significance to clarify teachers' teaching ideas. Facts have also proved that this method of attending classes is exactly what those excellent students use.

Third, be good at answering questions. It is difficult to learn without asking. You must ask questions in class, but you must not ask them indiscriminately. You must think carefully, ask the key points and ask the key points. Asking answers is useless for cultivating ability, but asking ideas is a good way to ask questions and helps to cultivate ability. While students are good at asking questions, they should also develop the habit of actively answering questions raised by teachers in class.

Fourth, take good class notes.

In order to deepen the understanding and memory of knowledge, it is beneficial to review and consolidate new knowledge after class, and at the same time cultivate the ability to take notes. Students should learn to take notes in class, which is also a learning art of attending classes and improving learning efficiency.

When taking class notes, you should first write down the title and subtitle of the lecture section, and grasp the theme of each section and the teacher's teaching focus. In addition, the main points, formulas, explanations, conclusions and notes in class should also be recorded.

It is also necessary to record the teacher's views and ways of thinking about the problem, and add notes when necessary, so as to refine, sublimate, review and refer to and create after preparing lessons.

Try to use phrases, numbers, charts and various symbols in class notes, with clear eyes, concise language, clear words and fast writing speed, reduce recording time, combine listening, reading, taking notes and thinking, and comment on teaching information in time. According to the research of psychologists, the law of forgetting is fast first, then full. Reviewing in time, that is, reviewing before forgetting appears on a large scale, can completely overcome forgetting after learning.

Someone has done an experiment: let three groups of subjects remember the same poem. The first group reviews every other day, the second group reviews every three days and the third group reviews every six days. Memorize all the last 30 groups. The first group has to review four times on average, the second group has to review six times on average, and the third group has to review seven times on average. Research shows that memorizing for two or three days is the most forgetful. So, be sure to review after class that day. If you can review it before going to bed and review it again the next morning, the effect will be better.

Sorting out class notes is a good way to review in time. By sorting out the class notes, we can try our best to recall what the teacher said, re-read and study the teaching materials, correct the germanium in the class notes in time, further clarify the unclear places, supplement the incomplete places, and clarify the logical relationship and internal connection of the disordered knowledge ... all these are conducive to our further understanding, deepening and deepening of the new knowledge we have learned. Collating class notes is a process of information feedback and information processing, and a positive thinking process of combining brain and hand, which is not only conducive to reviewing and memorizing new knowledge learned, but also conducive to cultivating students' thinking ability, self-study ability and hard-working spirit.