Mathematics is a kind of culture, and the influence of mathematical culture on people is manifested in people's mathematical literacy. With the intensification of economic, social and cultural changes, people are increasingly aware of the importance of mathematical culture in life. The "economic mind" of entrepreneurs, the "digital earth" of scientists and the "modernization" of modern people's life and work all indicate that a mathematical era has emerged. Those who are far away from mathematics and mathematics life and stick to the past traditions will not only be eliminated by the times, but also have a hidden crisis in their basic survival. It is necessary to awaken Chinese people's attention to mathematics and assume their due responsibilities in mathematics education, training and improving mathematics literacy.

First, the basic connotation of mathematical literacy

What is mathematical literacy? Mathematical literacy refers to people's ability and tendency to observe, analyze and solve problems with mathematical viewpoints, mathematical thinking modes and methods, including mathematical consciousness, mathematical behavior, mathematical thinking habits, interests, possibilities and qualities. Mathematics is a discipline with orderly knowledge structure and strong logic. "It is a process in which people qualitatively grasp and quantitatively describe the objective world, gradually abstract and generalize it, form methods and theories, and widely apply them". The learning process of mathematical knowledge must follow the characteristics of mathematical disciplines and be completed through continuous analysis, synthesis, operation and judgment and reasoning. Therefore, the whole learning process is a process of accumulating mathematical knowledge, mastering, applying and internalizing methods, and it is also a process of constantly cultivating and strengthening the quality of mathematical thinking. Obviously, the strict order of mathematics, the inherent logic of mathematical knowledge and the diversity of mathematical methods are extremely important factors for us to improve our mathematical literacy.

A person with high mathematical literacy has the following explicit and internal manifestations of mathematical thinking characteristics.

First, "Mathematics makes people fine" is the external expression of mathematical literacy. People with high mathematical literacy often receive systematic mathematical education, have rich mathematical knowledge, and often show logarithmic sensitivity and adaptability in life and work. They can separate mathematical factors from complex examples, build models, observe and analyze through mathematics, and are good at explaining problems from a mathematical perspective. His personality often gives people a sense of shrewdness, delicacy and logic.

Secondly, mathematics training people's thinking is the inherent feature of mathematics literacy. Mathematics is the gymnastics of thinking, and mathematical thinking itself has the characteristics of objectivity, intuition, profundity and flexibility.

Objectivity of mathematical thinking. We know the world, understand the world, and pursue the true representation of the objective world. Compared with other thinking, mathematical thinking has higher accuracy, stronger reliability and more reliable effectiveness, because mathematical thinking is a reflection of objective reality. Observing and analyzing the objective world with the viewpoint and method of mathematical thinking can better reflect the characteristics of real reproduction.

Intuition of mathematical thinking. Thinking is an abstract thing, and its intuition can be greatly enhanced if quantitative analysis is carried out with the help of mathematical models and data and graphics as carriers.

The profundity of mathematical thinking. Thinking with mathematical methods can not only understand the surface of things, but also deeply understand the essence of things through fundamental understanding and thorough analysis of problems. Without the participation of mathematical methods, it is sometimes difficult for us to have a qualitative understanding of some problems, and even make the solution of problems give up halfway. Once things are qualitatively grasped and quantitatively described by mathematical methods, it is not difficult to find the essential connection or fundamental crux of things and make realistic and correct decisions.

Flexibility of mathematical thinking. The diversity of mathematical thinking methods and the simplicity of mathematical operation provide great convenience for us to use mathematical knowledge and solve problems through mathematical viewpoints and methods. Using mathematical methods to solve problems can not only grasp the characteristics of things macroscopically, holistically and holistically, but also understand things microscopically and locally from a certain aspect and an example, so as to achieve the cognitive effect of "seeing one spot at a time"; It can not only reflect and summarize the past, but also design and look forward to the present and the future; We can not only reflect the relationship between things through digital symbols, but also describe the state of things with graphics. With the development of mathematical means and the convenience of mathematical instruments, the society pays more and more attention to the application of mathematics, and the emergence of many convenient factors has injected infinite vitality into solving problems with mathematics in reality.

Second, the countermeasures for the formation of mathematical literacy.

Primary school mathematics plays an important role in the formation of people's mathematical literacy. The characteristics and laws of primary school mathematics itself also provide the possibility for cultivating people's mathematical literacy. Primary school mathematics knowledge has a single structure and flexible presentation. Many mathematical thoughts, laws and laws are often attached to some perceptual materials. Many mathematical problems can be found in real life, and even some mathematical problems are essentially replicas of phenomena existing in daily life, which directly show the meaning of life. Primary school mathematics also has strict logic, which can promote the development of people's thinking and reflect the overall characteristics of the times. These factors are the premise of the formation of mathematical literacy. The establishment of the new round of national mathematics curriculum standards highlights "fundamentality, universality and development", requires "everyone to learn valuable mathematics: everyone gets necessary mathematics" and emphasizes the concept that "different people get different development in mathematics". This undoubtedly points out the direction for developing people's mathematical literacy in primary school. Based on the above analysis, we should do the following work in primary school mathematics teaching to cultivate people's mathematical literacy.

1, cultivate mathematical consciousness and form a good sense of numbers. The cultivation of mathematical consciousness is conducive to the development of mathematical thinking, and a good sense of numbers is conducive to the formation of scientific intuition. On the one hand, an individual's mathematical consciousness and sense of number reflect his attitude towards mathematics, on the other hand, it also reflects his level of mathematical literacy. A person with a good sense of mathematics should have keen sensibility and adaptability to logarithmic and numerical operations, be able to consciously observe, explain and express the quantitative relationship, data characteristics and spatial form of objective things with mathematical knowledge, and be good at capturing the potential mathematical characteristics contained in many problems in life.