International standard banking practice for audit documents under documentary credits.
2008-07-30
Application and opening of letters of credit
1. The letter of credit is independent of the basic transaction, even if the letter of credit clearly refers to the basic transaction. However, in order to avoid unnecessary expenses, delays and disputes when examining documents, applicants and beneficiaries should consider clearly the time limit for requesting any documents, and who will issue and submit them.
2. The applicant shall bear the risks caused by unclear instructions for opening or amending the letter of credit. Unless otherwise specified, applying for opening or amending a letter of credit means authorizing the issuing bank to supplement or refine the terms of the letter of credit in a necessary or appropriate way so that the letter of credit can be used.
3. Applicants should be aware of many terms of UCP, such as 13, 20, 2 1, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 39, 40, 46 and 47, which define the terms of the letter of credit. For example, in most cases, a letter of credit that requires the presentation of a marine bill of lading and prohibits transshipment must exclude the application of Article 23 (d) of UCP500 in order for the prohibition of transshipment to take effect.
4. A letter of credit should not require the presentation of documents signed and/or countersigned by the applicant. If the letter of credit contains such a clause, the beneficiary must request to amend the letter of credit, or abide by the clause and bear the risk of not meeting this requirement.
5. If we carefully consider the above details of basic transaction, application for opening a letter of credit and opening a letter of credit, many problems in the process of examining documents can be avoided or solved.
Universal principle
abbreviate
6. The use of recognized abbreviations will not lead to differences in documents, such as replacing "limited" with "limited company", "international" with "international", "company" with "company" and "kgs" or "kos" with "manufacturer" and "metric ton" with "metric ton". Conversely, replacing abbreviations with full names will not lead to differences in documents.
7. The slash ("/") may have different meanings and should not be used as a substitute for words unless the meaning is clear in the context.
Evidence and statements
8. Certificates, declarations or similar documents may be separate documents or included in other documents required by the letter of credit. If a statement or certificate appears in another signed and dated document, as long as the statement or certificate is made by the same person who signed and signed the document, there is no need to sign or date it separately.
Modification and change of documents
9. Except for the documents made by the beneficiary, modifications and changes to the contents of other documents must be preliminarily confirmed by the issuer or the issuer's authorized person. The modification and alteration of documents that have gone through notarization, visa or similar procedures must be confirmed by the person who notarized and signed the documents. The confirmation must indicate the confirmer and include the signature of the witness. If it seems that the certificate was not made by the drawer, the certificate must clearly indicate the identity of the witness to prove the modification and alteration of the document.
10. The documents (except bills of exchange) issued by the beneficiary without notarization, visa or similar measures need not be confirmed. See "Calculation of Bills of Exchange and Maturity Date"
1 1. Using multiple fonts, font sizes or handwriting in a document does not mean that it has been modified or changed.
12. When the document contains more than one modification or change, each modification must be confirmed separately, or the confirmation must be associated with all the modifications in an appropriate way. For example, if a file shows three modifications marked with 1, 2,3, a statement similar to "Modification XXX with the above number 1, 2,3 has been confirmed" will meet the requirements for confirmation.
date
13. Even if there is no explicit requirement in the letter of credit, bills of exchange, transport documents and insurance documents must be dated. If the letter of credit requires to indicate the date of documents other than the above documents, as long as the documents refer to the dates of other documents submitted at the same time, it meets the requirements of the letter of credit (for example, the shipping document can use "bill of lading with the same date as XXX" or similar terms). Although the required certificate or statement should be dated as a separate document, whether it meets the requirements of the letter of credit depends on the type of certificate or statement required, the wording required and the actual wording in the certificate or statement. Whether other documents need to be dated depends on the content and nature of the documents.
14. The date of any document, including analysis certificate, inspection certificate and pre-shipment inspection certificate, can be later than the date of shipment. However, if a letter of credit requires a document to prove an event that occurred before shipment (such as a pre-shipment inspection certificate), the document must indicate through its title or content that the event (such as inspection) occurred before shipment or on the day of shipment. Asking for an "inspection certificate" does not mean asking for proof of events that occurred before shipment. No document shall show that it was issued after the presentation date.
15. Documents indicating preparation date and subsequent signing date shall be deemed to be issued on the signing date.
16. Paragraph (a) of Article 16. The latest delivery date in UCP500 is only applicable when the required documents include one or more original transport documents. Transport documents refer to the documents stipulated in Articles 23 to 29 of UCP. In any case, documents must be presented within the validity of the letter of credit.
17. Often used to indicate the time before or after a certain date or event:
A) "Winthin 2 days later" refers to the time from the date of the incident to two days after the incident.
B) "Not later than 2 days later" means not a period of time, but the latest date. If the notice date cannot be earlier than a certain date, the letter of credit must clearly stipulate this.
C) "At least two days ago" means that one thing should happen no later than two days ago. There is no limit to the earliest time that an event can occur.
D) "Within 2 days of ..."
18. When "in" is used with a date, the date is not included in the time limit calculation.
19. Dates can be expressed in different formats, for example, in 2003, 165438+ 10/2, 12Nov03,/. 2003.11.12,1.12.03,12103.
Documents to which UCP transport terms do not apply.
20. Some common documents related to the transportation of goods, such as the bill of lading, the receipt of the bank of transport, the shipping certificate of the bank of transport, the receipt of the goods carried by the bank of transport, the first mate's receipt, etc., are not the reflection of the transportation contract and are not the transportation documents stipulated in Articles 23 to 29 of UCP500. Therefore, article 43 of UCP does not apply to these documents. Therefore, these documents should be examined like other documents not specified by UCP, that is, article 2 1 of UCP500 is applicable. In any case, documents must be presented within the validity of the letter of credit.
2 1. The copy of the transport document is not the transport document referred to in Articles 23 to 29 and 43 of UCP500. UCP's clauses on transport documents are only applicable when the original transport documents are submitted. If the letter of credit allows the submission of copies instead of original documents, the letter of credit must clearly specify what details should be shown. When submitting duplicate (non-negotiable) documents, there is no need to show the signature, date, etc.
Undefined terms in UCP
22. Since UCP has not defined terms such as "shipping documents", "overdue documents are acceptable", "third-party documents are acceptable" and "exporting country", these terms should not be used. If these terms are used in the letter of credit, their meanings should be determined according to the context of the letter of credit. Otherwise, according to the international standard banking practice, these terms will be understood as follows:
(1) "shipping documents"-refers to all documents (not limited to transport documents) except the draft required by the letter of credit;
(2) "Late documents are acceptable"-documents submitted after the shipment date of 2 1 are acceptable as long as the letter of credit is valid;
(3) "Acceptable third-party documents" refers to all documents, excluding bills of exchange, but including invoices, which can be issued by a party other than the beneficiary. If the issuing bank intends to indicate that the transport document can show that the third party other than the beneficiary is the shipper, there is no need to write this clause, because article 3 1 (iii) of UCP500 has recognized this;
(4) "Exporting country" refers to the country where the beneficiary lives, and/or the origin of the goods, and/or the country where the carrier receives the goods, and/or the country where the goods are shipped or shipped.
Under no circumstances should the terms "immediately", "immediately" and "as soon as possible" be used. If it works, the bank will ignore it.
Contradiction of documents
24. The documents submitted under the letter of credit shall not contradict each other on the surface. This principle does not require that the data content is exactly the same, only that there can be no contradiction between documents.
A file drawer
25. If the letter of credit requires documents to be issued by a designated person or unit, as long as it seems that the documents are issued by a designated person or unit, it meets the requirements of the letter of credit. The document is sent with the letterhead of the signed individual or unit, or if the letterhead is not used, but it seems to be filled in and/or signed by the signed individual or unit or its agent, it seems to be sent by the signed individual or unit.
language
According to the international standard banking practice, the documents issued by the beneficiary should be in the language of the letter of credit. If the letter of credit stipulates that documents in two or more languages can be accepted, the designated bank may limit the number of languages used in the letter of credit as a condition for taking responsibility for the letter of credit or adding confirmation.
Mathematical calculation
27. The bank does not check the details of the mathematical calculation in the documents, but is only responsible for checking the total amount with the letter of credit and/or other required documents.
Spelling errors and/or typographical errors
28. If spelling and/or printing errors do not affect the meaning of the word or sentence in which they are located, it does not constitute a document discrepancy. For example, using "machine" to represent "machine", using "fountain pen" to represent "fountain pen" and using "model" to represent "model" in commodity description will not lead to any discrepancy. However, writing "model 32 1" (model 32 1) as "model 123" (sample 123) should not be considered as a typographical error, but a discrepancy.
Multi-page documents and attachments or attachments
29. Unless otherwise stipulated in the letter of credit or documents, multiple pages of documents bound together, numbered sequentially or cross-referenced internally, regardless of their names or titles, shall be examined as one document, even if some pages are regarded as annexes. When a document contains multiple pages, it must be able to determine that these different pages belong to the same document.
30. If signatures and/or endorsements are required for a multi-sided document, the signatures are usually on the first or last page of the document, but unless the letter of credit or the document itself specifies the location of the signatures or endorsements, the signatures or endorsements can be anywhere on the document.
Original and photocopy
3 1. Multiple original documents can be marked with "original", "triple", "triple", "first original" and "second original". None of the above marks denies that the document is original.
32. Unless the letter of credit allows the submission of duplicate documents, at least one original of each document required by the letter of credit must be submitted. The number of original documents submitted must be at least the number required by the letter of credit or UCP, or when the documents themselves indicate the number of original documents issued, at least the number indicated by the documents.
33. It is sometimes difficult to tell from the wording of the letter of credit whether the original documents or duplicate documents are required to be submitted.
For example, when a letter of credit requires:
"Invoice", "one invoice" or "1 invoice" should be understood as requiring the original invoice.
"Invoice in quadruplicate", at least one original invoice shall be submitted, and the rest shall meet the requirements with duplicate invoices.
"Copy of invoice", submit a copy of the invoice that meets the requirements. However, in this case, it is standard banking practice to accept the original.
34. When the bank does not accept the original and does not accept the copy, the letter of credit must stipulate that it is forbidden to submit the original, for example, it should indicate "copy of invoice-original instead of copy is not acceptable" or similar wording.
The policy statement of ICC Banking Committee on "Determination of original documents according to Article 20 (b) of UCP Convention" (document 470/87 1 (revised)) can provide further guidance when considering issues related to originals and copies.
characteristic
36. The purpose of using shipping marks is to be able to mark boxes, bags or packages. If the letter of credit stipulates the details of shipping marks, the documents containing the shipping marks must show these details, but additional information is acceptable as long as it does not conflict with the terms of the letter of credit.
37. The shipping marks in some documents usually contain more information than the usual shipping marks, including the type of goods, warning of fragile goods, net weight and/or gross weight of goods, etc. It doesn't make a difference that some files show such extra content while others don't.
38. Sometimes, the transport documents of container goods only show the container number in the "shipping mark" column, while other documents show detailed shipping marks. This document cannot be considered inconsistent.
symbol
39. Even if the letter of credit does not require it, the nature of bills of exchange, certificates and customs declarations determines that they must be signed. Transport documents and insurance must be signed according to UCP regulations.
40. The fact that there is a box or space dedicated to signature on a document does not necessarily mean that it is necessary to sign this box or space. For example, in transport documents such as air waybills or railway transport documents, there is often a place marked with "signature of shipper or its agent" or similar terms, but banks are not required to sign there. If the document requires a signature on the surface to take effect (for example, "the document is invalid without signature", or similar provisions), it must be signed.
4 1. The signature is not necessarily handwritten. Photocopy signature, perforated signature, seal, symbol (such as seal) or any electronic or mechanical verification method for identification can be used. However, a copy of a signed document cannot be regarded as a signed original document, and a signed document sent by fax is not regarded as a signed original document unless otherwise signed. If the document is required to have "signature and seal" or similar wording, as long as the document contains the signer and the signer's name, whether the name is printed, handwritten or sealed, this requirement can be met.
Unless otherwise specified, the signature on the company's stationery will be regarded as the company's signature. There is no need to repeat the company name next to the signature.
Names of documents and joint documents
43. Documents may or may not use the name specified in the letter of credit or similar name. For example, a letter of credit requires a "packing list". Whether the document is named "packing instructions" or "packing and weight list" or has no name, as long as the document contains packing details, it meets the requirements of the letter of credit. The content of the file must meet the function of the required file on the surface.
44. The documents listed in the letter of credit should be presented as separate documents. If the letter of credit requires packing list and weight list, when two independent packing lists and weight lists or two original packing lists and weight lists are submitted, as long as the list indicates the packing and weight details at the same time, it is deemed to meet the requirements of the letter of credit.
Calculation of bills of exchange and maturity date
usance
45. The date of the draft must be consistent with the terms of the letter of credit.
If a bill of exchange is not payable at sight or at regular intervals after sight, it must be able to determine the maturity date according to the contents of the bill itself.
Two. The following is an example of determining the maturity date of a bill of exchange through its contents. If the letter of credit requires the date of the draft to be 60 days after the date of the bill of lading, and the date of the bill of lading is 12 May 2002, the term of the draft can be expressed in any of the following ways:
① The bill of lading is dated 60 days after May, 2002 12; Or,
② "60 days after May 2002 12"; Or,
③ "60 days after the date of bill of lading", and "the date of bill of lading is12may2002" is marked elsewhere on the surface of the bill of exchange; Or,
④ Mark "60 days after the date of issue" on the bill of exchange with the same date as the bill of lading; Or,
⑤ "July 2002 1 1", that is, 60 days after the date of bill of lading.
Three. If the date of bill of lading is later than XXX days, the date of shipment shall be regarded as the date of bill of lading, even if the date of shipment is earlier or later than the date of issuance of bill of lading.
Four. UCP does not stipulate the use of "from" and "after" to determine the maturity date of a bill of exchange. The words "from" and "from" mentioned by UCP are only used for the time limit of shipment. Therefore, "since" and "after" have the same meaning when determining the maturity date of a time draft. The maturity date is calculated from the date of the document, the date of shipment or the day after other events, that is, 1 0 from March 1 or 10 after March1is March1.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) If the letter of credit requires a time draft, for example, 60 days after the date of bill of lading or 60 days after the date of bill of lading, and there are multiple shipping notices on the bill of lading, and all the shipping notices indicate that the goods are shipped from the geographical area or region allowed by the letter of credit, the maturity date of the draft will be calculated using the earliest shipping notice date. For example, if the letter of credit requires shipment from a European port, and the bill of lading shows that the goods were loaded on board the A ship in Dublin in August 16 and the B ship in Rotterdam in August 18, the maturity date of the draft should be the earliest shipment date of the European port, that is, 60 days from August 16.
Intransitive verbs If the letter of credit requires the draft to be drawn 60 days after the date of bill of lading or 60 days after the date of bill of lading, and multiple sets of bills of lading are submitted under one bill of lading, the latest bill of lading date will be used to calculate the maturity date of the draft.
Although the above example refers to the date of the bill of lading, the same principle applies to all transport documents.
Due date
47. If the actual date is used to indicate the maturity date of the draft, the date must be calculated according to the requirements of the letter of credit.
48. If the draft is payable "XXX days after sight", the maturity date shall be determined as follows:
1. For matching documents, or non-matching documents that have not been rejected by the paying bank, the maturity date shall be XXX days after the paying bank receives the documents.
2. If the paying bank refuses to pay for the non-conforming documents, but then agrees to accept them, the maturity date of the draft shall be XXX days after the paying bank accepts the draft at the latest. The date of acceptance of a bill of exchange shall not be later than the date of acceptance of a document.
49. In all cases, the paying bank must inform the presenter of the maturity date of the draft. The calculation of the above draft date and maturity date is also applicable to deferred payment letters of credit, that is, it is also applicable to the situation where the beneficiary is not required to submit the draft.
Bank working days, grace period, delayed payment
50. Payment shall be made at the place of payment on the due date of the bill or document, provided that the due date is the bank working day of the place of payment. If the maturity date is not a bank working day, payment shall be made on the first bank working day after the maturity date unless otherwise stipulated in the credit. The grace period and time required for deferred payment, such as a bill of exchange, cannot exceed the due date stipulated or agreed in the bill or document.
approve
5 1. If necessary, the draft must be endorsed.
a sum of money
52. If there are both amount in words and figures, the figures in words must accurately reflect the figures in figures and show the conditions stipulated in the letter of credit.
53. The amount must be consistent with the invoice, unless otherwise stipulated in the credit or in the case stipulated in Article 37 (b) of UCP500.
How to issue tickets
54. A draft must be drawn on the person stipulated in the letter of credit.
55. The draft must be drawn by the beneficiary.
Draft drawn on the applicant
56. A letter of credit should not require the presentation of a draft drawn on the applicant. If the letter of credit requires a draft drawn on the applicant, the bank must regard the draft as an additional document and examine it according to Article 2 1 of UCP500.
Revision and change
57. If a bill of exchange is amended or changed, it must be preliminarily confirmed by the drawer.
58. Some countries do not accept bills of exchange with amendments and changes, even if the drawer has confirmed them. The issuing bank of such countries should state in the letter of credit that the draft is not allowed to be amended or changed.
receipt
Definition of invoice
59. If the letter of credit requires "invoice" without further definition, any form of invoice submitted is acceptable (such as commercial invoice, customs invoice, tax invoice, final invoice, consular invoice, etc.). However, "provisional invoice", "prepaid invoice" or similar invoices are not acceptable unless otherwise authorized by the credit. When a letter of credit requires the submission of a commercial invoice, documents marked "invoice" are acceptable.
Name and address
60. The invoice must be issued by the beneficiary named in the letter of credit. There is no need to provide a telex or fax number in the address; If provided, it need not be the same as that in the letter of credit.
6 1. Invoice must be issued to the applicant. There is no need to provide a telex or fax number in the address; If provided, it need not be the same as that in the letter of credit.
Description of goods and other general matters related to invoices
62. The description of the goods on the invoice must be consistent with that stipulated in the letter of credit, but it is not required to be as consistent as that reflected in the mirror. For example, the details of the goods can be indicated in several places in the invoice, as long as they are consistent with the provisions of the letter of credit at the time of merger.
63. The description of the goods in the invoice must reflect the goods actually shipped. For example, the description of goods in the letter of credit shows two kinds of goods, such as 10 truck and 5 tractors. If the letter of credit does not prohibit partial shipment and the invoice shows that only 4 trucks have been shipped, it is acceptable. It is also acceptable to list all the descriptions of the goods stipulated in the letter of credit and then indicate the actual shipment of the goods.
64. The invoice must indicate the value of the goods shipped. The unit price (if any) and currency shown in the invoice must be the same as those in the letter of credit. The invoice must show the discount or deduction required by the letter of credit. The invoice can also show deductions related to payment or discount that are not stipulated in the letter of credit.
65. If the trade term is part of the description of the goods in the letter of credit or related to the amount of the goods, the invoice must show the trade term specified in the letter of credit; if the description of the goods provides the source of the trade term, the invoice must show the same source (if the terms of the letter of credit stipulate "CIF Singapore Incoterms 2000", "CIF Singapore Incoterms" will not meet the requirements of the letter of credit). Fees and costs must be included in the price terms indicated in the letter of credit and invoice, and fees or costs exceeding this amount are not allowed.
66. Unless required by the letter of credit, the invoice does not need to be signed or dated.
67. The quantity, weight and size of the goods shown in the invoice shall not conflict with the same value shown in other documents.
68. The invoice shall not indicate:
A) Overloading (except as provided in Article 39 (b)) or
B) Goods (including samples, advertising materials, etc. ) If it is not required by the letter of credit, it is free even if it is indicated.
69. The quantity of the goods required by the letter of credit may be 5% more or less. However, if the letter of credit stipulates that the quantity of goods shall not be exceeded or reduced, or the quantity of goods stipulated in the letter of credit is calculated by the packaging unit or quantity, this article shall not apply. The overload of goods within 5% does not mean that the amount allowed to be withdrawn exceeds the amount of the letter of credit.
70. If the letter of credit prohibits partial shipment, it is acceptable to reduce the invoice amount by 5% as long as all the goods have been shipped and the unit price (if stipulated in the letter of credit) has not been reduced. If the letter of credit does not specify the quantity of goods, the invoice quantity can be regarded as the total quantity of goods.
7 1. The original and copy of the invoice required by the L/C must be submitted completely.
72. If the letter of credit requires installment payment, each shipment must be consistent with the installment plan.
Ocean bill of lading (port-to-port transport)
Application of article 23 of UCP
73. If the letter of credit requires the presentation of port-to-port transport documents, Article 23 of UCP shall apply.
74. If the L/C presents "sea" or "ocean" transport documents, Article 23 of UCP shall apply. As long as the transport document is a port-to-port transport document, there is no need to use the words "by sea" or "by sea" in order to comply with Article 23 of the UCP Convention.
Full set of originals
75. Transport documents to which Article 23 of the UCP Convention applies must indicate the number of original copies issued. Transport documents marked with similar expressions such as "first original", "second original", "third original", "original", "second copy" and "third copy" are all originals. The bill of lading does not have to be marked "original" to be accepted as original. See Determination of Original Documents as stipulated in Article 20 (b) of UCP 500 (ICC publication 470/87 1Rew, 1999 July 12) (section 3. 1).
Signing of bill of lading
76. The original bill of lading must be signed in the manner stipulated in Article 20 (b) of UCP, and the name of the carrier must appear on the surface of the bill of lading and indicate the identity of the carrier.
(1) If the bill of lading is signed by an agent on behalf of the carrier, the identity of the agent must be indicated, and the carrier represented must be indicated, unless the carrier is indicated elsewhere on the surface of the bill of lading.
(2) If the captain signs the bill of lading, the captain's signature must indicate the identity of the "captain". In this case, it is not necessary to indicate the name of the captain.
(3) If the agent signs the bill of lading on behalf of the captain, it must indicate the identity of the agent and the name of the captain.
If the letter of credit stipulates that "the carrier's bill of lading is acceptable" or similar terms are used, the bill of lading may be issued by the carrier as the carrier without indicating that it is the carrier's agent or named carrier. The bill of lading does not have to show the name of the carrier.
Shipping notation
If a pre-printed "on board" bill of lading is submitted, the date of issuance of the bill of lading shall be regarded as the date of shipment, unless there is a separate on board notation indicating the date of issuance, in which case the date of on board notation shall be regarded as the date of shipment, regardless of whether the notation date is before or after the date of issuance of the bill of lading.
"Shipped", "Shipped", "Clean Shipped" or other expressions including "Shipped" or "Shipped" have the same effect as "Shipped".
Port of loading and port of discharge
80. The name of the loading port required by the letter of credit should be indicated in the loading port column of the bill of lading. If it is clear that the goods were transported by ship from the place of receipt, and there is a shipping notice indicating that the goods were shipped at the port indicated in the name of "place of receipt" or similar column, it can also be indicated in the name of "place of receipt" or similar column.
8 1. The name of the unloading port required by the L/C should be indicated in the unloading port column of the bill of lading. If it is clear that the goods will be transported by ship to the final destination, and there is a notation indicating that the port of discharge is the port shown in the "final destination" or similar column name, it should also be indicated in the "final destination" or similar column name.
82. If the receiving place is the container yard or container freight station, and it is the same as the stipulated loading port (for example, the receiving place is the Hong Kong container yard; The port of loading is Hong Kong), and these places will be regarded as the same place, so it is not necessary to indicate the port of loading and the name of the ship in the "shipping notation".
83. If the letter of credit specifies the geographical area or scope of the port of loading and/or unloading (such as "any European port"), the bill of lading must indicate the actual port of loading and/or unloading, and the port must be located within the geographical area or scope specified in the letter of credit.
Consignee, instructing party, shipper, arrival notice and endorsement
84. If the L/C requires the bill of lading to be made payable to the named person, such as "the consignee is XXX Bank" (that is, according to the registered name), instead of "to order" or "to order of XXX Bank". , the words "order" or "order from XXX" shall not appear in front of celebrity names, regardless of whether the words are printed or pre-printed. Similarly, if the letter of credit requires that the bill of lading should be made "to order" or "to someone's order", the bill of lading cannot be made in registered form and the registered person is the consignee.
85. If the bill of lading is made to order or the shipper's instructions, it must be endorsed by the shipper. It is acceptable for the agent to endorse on behalf of the shipper.
86. If the letter of credit does not specify the consignee, the relevant fields in the bill of lading can be blank or filled in in any way.
Transshipment and partial shipment
Transshipment refers to the unloading of goods from one ship to another during the maritime transport between the loading port and the unloading port stipulated in the letter of credit. If unloading and reloading do not occur between the loading port and the unloading port, it is not considered transshipment.
88. Although the letter of credit may prohibit transshipment, in some cases, Article 23 (d) of UCP500 allows transshipment. However, if the L/C prohibits transhipment and excludes the application of Article 23 (d) (i) and (ii) of UCP500, it seems that the bill of lading indicating that transhipment will or may occur will be regarded as a discrepancy.
89. If the L/C prohibits partial shipment, and more than one set of original bills of lading is submitted, and the port of shipment is one or more ports (especially allowed by the L/C or within the specific geographical scope stipulated in the L/C), such documents are acceptable as long as they indicate that the goods transported are on the same ship, on the same voyage and at the same unloading port. If more than one set of bills of lading is submitted and different shipment dates are indicated in the bill of lading, the latest shipment date will be used to calculate the time limit for submitting documents, which must be equal to or earlier than the latest shipment date stipulated in the letter of credit. Shipment by multiple ships constitutes partial shipment, even if these ships leave on the same day and sail for the same destination.
clean bill of lading
90. A bill of lading containing clauses or notes that clearly state that the goods and/or packaging are defective is unacceptable, and clauses or notes that do not clearly state that the goods and/or packaging are defective (such as "the packaging may not be seaworthy") do not constitute discrepancies. The statement that the packaging "can't meet the needs of sea navigation" is unacceptable.
9 1. Although the letter of credit may require "clean on board bill of lading" or a bill of lading marked "clean on board", the word "clean" does not need to appear in the bill of lading.
92. If the word "clean" appears under the bill of lading, but the word is deleted, it is not regarded as unclean or unclean, unless the bill of lading contains clauses or comments clearly stating the defects of the goods or packaging.
description of goods
93. The description of the goods in the bill of lading can be called goods inconsistent with the provisions of the letter of credit.
Revision and change
94. The amendments and changes in the bill of lading must be verified. On the face of it, the confirmation must be made by the carrier, the master or his agent (the agent may be different from the agent who issues or signs the bill of lading), as long as he indicates that he is the agent of the carrier or the master.