Penrose's research shows that black holes are the direct result of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Einstein himself did not believe in the existence of black holes. He put forward a new theory in June191511. Because he didn't think black holes existed, he used other angles to observe and understand this hypothetical celestial body. Gravity will shape space and affect the passage of time. Inside a black hole, gravity is so great that it can bend space and greatly slow down the passage of time.
Penrose used Einstein's general theory of relativity and other mathematical models to prove the formation process of black holes, and confirmed that this is a stable process. He proved the existence of black holes and described them in detail in 1965, ten years after Einstein's death. Penrose not only proved that black holes are direct evidence of Einstein's theory of relativity, but also proved that black holes are naturally formed, so the formation process of black holes is very stable. In addition, Einstein's theory of relativity does not apply to the singularity at the center of a black hole, which is a boundary where all known laws of nature will collapse. Therefore, even if Penrose explained the formation process of black holes and combined it with the theory of relativity, the problem about the internal structure of black holes still exists.
Two other scientists, Gensel and Gates, found that the center of the Milky Way is controlled by an invisible celestial body with great gravity, and the mass of this celestial body is equivalent to 4 million solar masses. The research results of these two scientists tell us that there is an invisible supermassive object in the center of the Milky Way, that is, a black hole. In the past 50 years, physicists have been thinking about whether there is a black hole in the center of the Milky Way.
In order to see the center of the Milky Way, Gensel and Gates are committed to developing space-based and ground-based telescope observation methods. They use the largest telescope in the world to observe what is happening in the center of the Milky Way. By constantly observing the orbits of the stars closest to the center of the Milky Way, physicists believe that the black hole is probably hidden in Sagittarius A*, which is a radio source around which all the stars in the Milky Way revolve. In other words, the black hole in the center of the Milky Way does exist.
1987, Gates got a bachelor's degree in physics from MIT, started to major in mathematics, and later changed to physics. She received her Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology on 1992 and is currently a professor of physics and astronomy at UCLA. She won an award for using high spatial resolution imaging technology to study the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* in the star-forming region and the center of the Milky Way. In particular, she studied the gravity of black hole motion, or the interaction between black holes and stars, which is also very crucial, not only to prove the existence of black holes in the center of the Milky Way. Reinhard Gensel and Andrea Gates described what happened in the extremely active region in the center of the Milky Way.
Professor Peter Fisher, head of the physics department at MIT, said, "What Andre Gates and reinhard Genser did was one of the coolest things ever. All the stars in the galaxy revolve around a black hole, which is too small to be seen with a telescope. When I teach relativity, I always show them visual videos, because it is a good way to think about black holes and science. Science is great and needs incredible patience and down-to-earth work. "
"Now we understand that these behemoths (guiding forces) are ubiquitous and can be found in the centers of most galaxies." The dean of MIT said, "Andrea Gotz has always been an awesome scientist and educator and a role model for women in her career. Now, as a Nobel Prize winner, her pioneering science and her story will surely be more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and inspire a generation of young women to pursue scientific careers. "
Finally, I am very grateful to these scientists for their contribution to human science day after day. Science is the future, and popular science is for the public. I am honored to write the research results of Nobel Prize winners. Black holes and gravitational waves, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave radiation background and other phenomena are indeed the biggest problems in human cognition of the universe. As the Nobel Physics Committee said, scientists' research will bring direction for future research, and we look forward to the day when human beings truly understand black holes and even the universe.
This is the difference between us and animals, because they will never look up at the stars, explore the universe, and stay still forever.