Primary school mathematics learning is a mathematical cognitive activity with students as the main body, in which students acquire mathematical knowledge and form mathematical skills and abilities. This kind of activity generally needs to go through the following basic processes to complete. First, the motivation to stimulate learning motivation refers to the motivation to arouse students' learning behavior and make it tend to a certain goal. Its essence is the need of learning and the source of students' learning enthusiasm. The new curriculum reform has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but through investigation, we found that many primary school math teachers still stay in the old teaching concept when teaching concepts. For example, many teachers pay special attention to textbooks when teaching concepts, but not enough attention to learning concepts from life experience; However, when guiding students to master concepts, they pay too much attention to the final conclusion, but do not pay attention to guiding students to explore the process of concept formation; In the process of in-depth understanding of concepts, we attach importance to using concepts to solve problems, but not to applying theory to life practice. These problems have a great influence on primary school students' understanding of mathematical concepts, and also limit the formation and development of students' mathematical thinking.