Located in the Mesopotamian plain, roughly in today's Iraq, people here established a country about 5000 years ago, and by the eighth century BC, the Kingdom of Babylon appeared here. "Mesopotamia"-called "Eden" by the Bible, means "the place between the two rivers" in ancient Greek, so it is also called the valley of the two rivers. These two rivers refer to the Euphrates River and the Tigris River. On this plain, the first city in the world was developed, the first code was published, and the earliest epics, myths, pharmacopoeias, farmers' yearbooks, etc. This is the cradle of western civilization.

Mathematics in ancient Babylon

The counting method adopts decimal and hexadecimal. Hexadecimal method is used to calculate the degree and timing of the day of the week, which is still used all over the world. In algebra, Babylonians used special names and symbols to represent unknown quantities, and used a few operational symbols to solve several forms of equations containing one or more unknown quantities, especially quadratic equations, which was the beginning of algebra. Geometrically, the Babylonians realized the proportional relationship between parallel lines and the preliminary Pythagoras theorem. They would calculate the area and volume of simple geometric figures and establish the volume formula of a square pyramid under certain conditions. When they measure the area of a circle, the calculation result of π = 3 is not very accurate.

The medical achievements of ancient Babylon

Medicine and witchcraft went hand in hand in the Babylonian era. At that time, medicine was mainly divided into two schools: real school and academic school. As early as the third dynasty in Ur, there was a Pharmacopoeia, which recorded various fragrances, fumigants, drops, ointments, enemas, suppositories and so on. Made of various organisms and minerals, and there are some prescriptions for treating diseases. Judging from these prescriptions, although many biological and mineral curative effects were known at that time, they were still in the stage of groping experiments. Babylonian medicine is famous all over West Asia. BC13rd century, the king of Babylon sent a physician to treat Hattulisi III, the Hittite king.

Hanging gardens in Babylon, Cuba

According to legend, in the 6th century BC, Nebuchadnezzar II married a beloved princess named semiramis. She was born in Medea (now the western plateau of Iran). The rolling mountains there are quite different from Ma Pingchuan in Babylonia. This princess from a foreign country always can't help but bow her head and cry and frown when she thinks of the beautiful mountains and rivers in her old country. The king couldn't bear to see his beloved princess unhappy, and finally he had a hard time guessing her mind. So the king ordered a stepped garden to be built in the northwest corner of Babylon Palace, imitating the princess's hometown. This is the "hanging garden" that has been passed down to this day.

Code of hammurabi of Babylon.

Code of hammurabi is a law promulgated by Hammurabi, the sixth king of Babylon. It is considered to be the earliest systematic code in the world, which was promulgated in about 1790.

190 1 Discover the ancient city of Sosa, Huelin (now Iranian). It is a black basalt cylinder and is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France. At the upper end of the column, there is a relief, in which Hammurabi took the scepter from Chamakh, the sun god. The full text of the code is engraved with cuneiform characters below. Excluding the preface and conclusion, there are 282 articles in * * *. Including litigation procedures, damages, tenancy relationship, creditor's rights and debts, property inheritance, slave disposal, etc.

Code of hammurabi divided people into three grades:

A free man enjoying civil rights.

A free man without citizenship.

slave

Royal slave

Free men belong to slaves.

Citizens, private slaves

Code of hammurabi's most important principle is an eye for an eye.