Basic introduction Chinese name: Nicolas Condorcet MBTH: Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet, called? Nicolas de condorcet alias: condorcet Nationality: France Birthplace: Libenmont Date of birth:1September 743 17 year Date of death:1March 28, 794 Occupation: mathematician, philosopher, academician of the Academy of Sciences Major achievements: France was the first important founder of France.
Inventing voting paradox and Condorcet paradox
The representative works of the most outstanding representatives of the Enlightenment: the outline achievements, political opinions, mathematical achievements and achievements of the history of human spiritual progress. condorcet's theory has two achievements: First, it advocates the use of mathematical methods in social and political research. In this way, together with Vico, they became the two people who contributed the most to the establishment of effective social sciences in the18th century. Condorcet put forward the famous "voting paradox", namely "Condorcet paradox". Secondly, it is the historical view of "continuous progress of mankind" put forward in the Outline of the Historical Table of Human Spiritual Progress, and it has become one of the founders of the historical progress view in western historical philosophy. This book is a classic of18th century enlightenment philosophy. It looks at the history of human progress from a macro perspective and makes an optimistic outlook on human history. This view of history influenced almost all thinkers in the19th and 20th centuries. However, the two subsequent world wars proved that this concept was utopia. Historical philosophers in the 20th century made new thinking. However, the optimistic yearning for human history is always the best prayer for human destiny. When politics advocated the victory of the French Revolution, French Marquis condorcet thought that the coming to power of fanatics at that time had marked the opposite of their educational ideas. This fearless enlightener was born as a mathematician, and his favorite science in his life was mathematics. His mathematician nature is also revealed in his political thoughts: he uses statistics and probability theory to interpret his philosophical thoughts. Condorcet believed in operational rationality, because only this kind of rationality can realize the harmony between "free constitution" and "education for all". This idea was very novel and rare at that time. Before the French Revolution, he had overcome the stubbornness peculiar to the privileged class at that time. Marquis Condorcet and condorcet also advocated equality between men and women, regarded science as a tool for the continuous progress of human reason, and preached the liberation of the oppressed class and fairness and justice for all. All his political views are still beyond doubt. Math scores 1765 published the book Integral Calculation. In the same year, Essay was published to discuss integral operation and related operations. 1768 asserts that all transcendental functions (only trigonometric functions, logarithmic functions and exponential functions) at that time can be composed of circles and hyperbolas. He proved that the integrability of conditional equation can be determined by coefficient, and the order can be reduced by coefficient operation. In Application of Probability Analysis (1785), the important role of probability calculation in applied mathematics is pointed out. He was the first scientist to apply mathematics to human society. 1785, he predicted some comprehensive frontier disciplines that appeared in the 20th century and called them "social mathematics".