Middle school "scum", but junior year only proved Sitapan's conjecture in February.
Liu Lu was born in Dalian from 65438 to 0989. My father works in the logistics department of a state-owned enterprise, and my mother is an engineer in an enterprise. A good family environment cultivated his love for science and engineering, especially mathematics.
Liu Lu's middle school grades are not very good, only average, and sometimes even the standard "scum" in the eyes of teachers.
Because there are more than 600 students in the whole grade, Liu Lu took more than 500 exams. He loves studying, but Liu Lu thinks it's meaningless to do too much preparation, so Liu Lu won't do special preparation, so his exam results are casual. His best time was the first exam at the beginning of high school, and he has taken it for more than 30 times. At the end of the day, I got bored, so it got worse and worse. .
When I was in the senior high school entrance examination, I ranked more than 500 in our high school. Later, if you take the exam, it will become more and more frequent, and then you may be, maybe a little bored, and then your ranking in the exam will be lower and lower.
. . .
Personally, I think I study hard, but it depends on what aspect. Preparing for exams is one thing, studying is another. I don't think too much preparation is meaningful, so I don't usually prepare for it. -Liu Lu
Liu Lu has always been obsessed with mathematics. Liu Lunian studied Olympic Mathematics in primary school, but he didn't learn it very well. However, he still believes that "Olympiad is not a bad thing, at least it can exercise people's thinking ability". In junior high school, he began to teach himself number theory. He has always had innovative thinking in mathematics. His thinking is agile and unique, and his problem-solving steps and thinking methods are often unexpected.
In 2008, Liu Lu took the college entrance examination, but got very good grades and was admitted to Central South University. He loved mathematics and chose applied mathematics as his major, but his parents opposed it. In the eyes of his parents, if he studies mathematics, it will be difficult for him to find a job. Moreover, if he studied pure mathematics, he should have better grades to learn mathematics. His parents think that Liu Lu, with average grades, is not suitable for this major and has no talent as a mathematician.
Liu Lu University didn't do well in the exam. Except for studying abroad, my English is outstanding and my other grades are average.
20 10, Liu Lu, a sophomore in School of Mathematical Science and Computing Technology, Central South University. In August this year, he began to teach himself inverse mathematics. Generally speaking, inverse mathematics is a small branch of mathematical logic. Usually mathematics is the study from axiom to theorem, while inverse mathematics is just the opposite, from theorem to axiom.
At this time, Liu Lu came into contact with Ramsey's second coloring theorem, which belongs to combinatorial mathematics. Ramsey's theorem is to solve the following problems: to find such a minimum number n, there must be k people who know each other or l people who don't know each other. This is Ramsey's paper.
A problem in formal logic (a problem in formal logic).
Sista Pan conjecture involves inverse mathematics,
In fact, this paper studies five systems of second-order arithmetic (RCA0, WKL0, ACA0, ATR0, π 1 1-CA0) and their strength relationships, from 1970.
From its foundation in 1980s to 2000, the main achievement of backward mathematics is to divide mathematical theorems into five systems.
Second-order arithmetic is a second-order formal theory that describes the theory of natural numbers. Here involves another theorem, called Koenig theorem, which is related to the energy in the center of mass system. Its literal expression is that the total kinetic energy of the particle system is equal to the kinetic energy of the center of mass plus the kinetic energy of each particle moving in a translational coordinate system relative to the center of mass.
So, RCA is among them.
0, WKL 0 and ACA 0 are all subsystems of second-order arithmetic, so WKL 0 is the basic system of weak Koenig theorem RCA 0, RCA 0.
A system with Ramsey's second coloring theorem is called RT? 2。 After the research of several mathematicians, they found that there is a comparative relationship between some subsystems: and RT? Formally close
RT？ 2 is better than ACA 0 (actually the same). What about RT? 2 is not better than ACA 0 and so on.
The famous mathematician and British mathematical logician Sitapan wrote an article about
The strength of Ramsey theorem finds that WKL_0 is not stronger than RT? 2, so he guessed that it might be RT? 2 is stronger than
WKL 0. This gave birth to the famous Sitapan conjecture, which plays an important role in backward mathematics and calculation theory. This theorem has been born for more than ten years and no one has confirmed it.
After Liu Lu came into contact with Sitapan's conjecture, he spent two months studying it. At that time, he was still studying other topics, which were also inextricably linked with Sitapan's conjecture. 20 10, 10 One day in June, Liu Lu, who was just a sophomore, suddenly thought that he could prove Sitapan's conjecture by using a method he had used before with a little modification. Then he spent a week writing the paper, and then spent a long time revising it.
Liu Lu gave a negative answer to the "Sitapan conjecture" that has been pending in the international mathematics field for more than ten years. He wrote the proof process in English and submitted it to the Journal of Symbolic Logic sponsored by the University of Chicago.
20 1 1, Liu Lu's paper was published in a magazine. While congratulating Liu Lu, the editor-in-chief of the magazine also invited him to attend an academic conference on mathematical logic at the University of Chicago in September of that year and give a special report. Liu Lu also became the only participant from an Asian university.
"I am one of the people who have failed to study this problem in the past. I'm glad to see that this problem has finally been solved by you-especially your proof is so beautiful. Please accept my congratulations on your research results! 」
Sophomore spent two months to prove the worldwide mathematical problems, and junior thesis research was successfully published. This is Liu Lu.
Famous mathematicians were accepted as students, and three academicians wrote letters to the Central Committee.
The news that Liu Lu solved this worldwide problem soon spread all over China. At the beginning of 2065438+01July, Professor Hou Zhenting, a famous mathematician and doctoral supervisor of Central South University, made a special trip to visit Professor Ding Decheng, a doctoral supervisor and expert in mathematical logic of Nanjing University to discuss some mathematical problems with him. Professor Ding told Professor Hou excitedly, "You have produced a good student in Central South University. His name is Liu Jiayi! " (Liu Lu used Liu Jiayi's name in his contribution) Then he introduced the student's research results in the field of mathematical logic.
Upon hearing this, Professor Hou immediately called the college to find out about Liu Lu. The next day, he rushed back to Changsha from other places and invited Liu Lu to dinner that night. After inspecting Liu Lu's academic level, he introduced Liu Lu's situation to China Academy of Sciences, Ding and three academicians, and asked the three academicians to write to the Ministry of Education, respectively, to apply for exceptional admission of Liu Lu as a graduate student.
Li Banghe has made important achievements or breakthroughs in differential topology, low-dimensional topology, partial differential equations, generalized functions, nonstandard analysis, algebraic geometry and algebraic mechanization. Ding has long been engaged in the study of partial differential equations and function spaces. Lin Qun is mainly engaged in computational mathematics and finite element analysis, and is one of the authors who put forward superconvergence of integral equations.
All three of them are famous mathematicians in China. After listening to Hou Zhenting's introduction, they were very happy to learn that there was such a young genius in the field of mathematics in China. They immediately wrote to the Ministry of Education to let Liu Lu graduate ahead of schedule and make an exception to admit Liu Lu as a graduate student. It is suggested that the relevant departments of the Ministry of Education immediately take special measures to strengthen their academic training.
Therefore, Central South University decided to let him graduate from college ahead of time and immediately admitted him as a master's and doctoral student. Central South University also awarded Liu Lu 1 10,000 yuan, of which 500,000 yuan was used to improve scientific research conditions and 500,000 yuan was used to improve living conditions.
In an interview, Liu Lu was asked by reporters how to spend the money. Liu Lu blurted out to buy a house and was attacked by netizens at that time. Liu Lu was killed by greed, but Liu Lu's idea was simple. Just because he calculated the personal income tax, he found that buying a house was the least cost-effective.
Professor Hou Zhenting also tried his best to create conditions for him, encouraged him to attend representative academic conferences, and immediately accepted him as a doctoral student to discuss academic issues.
When asked how Liu Lu cracked Sitapan's conjecture, Liu Lu said:
When I did this problem, I didn't look at it on purpose, just wanted to solve it. I didn't pay attention to this problem at that time, but thought about other problems, and then found some methods, and then suddenly found myself inventing this method to solve some other conjectures. It is such a process.
Of course, other experts must do the same when doing research. It is impossible to say that they have been staring at this problem for more than ten years, or for several years. He may also change this problem for a while, and then in the process, no one should think about such a problem, and few people will stare at it specifically.
. . .
I don't think there's really anything wrong with it. I really can't say why, then why, why JK Rowling wrote Harry Potter. What can I say? I really can't say it.
In 20 12, Liu Lu was hired as a full professor, setting a record for the youngest professor in China.
Mathematicians rely on intuition in their work. Those things look boring and tedious on the surface, but they will be finished soon in the minds of mathematicians. Everything is formed in the brain, not rigorous, step by step, relying on some intuition, relying on imprecise intuitive reasoning.
-Liu Lu's understanding of mathematicians, he doesn't agree with the statement that learning mathematics needs rigor.
Start over and choose a new challenge area.
Liu Lu didn't insist on exploring in the field of mathematical logic after cracking Sitapan's conjecture. He takes data mining as his new goal. Data mining refers to the process of finding hidden information from a large number of data through algorithms. Data mining is usually related to computer science, and the above goals are achieved through statistics, online analytical processing, information retrieval, machine learning, expert system (relying on past empirical rules), pattern recognition and other methods.
In fact, it is the best choice for Liu Lu to continue along the road of mathematical logic, because he has made some achievements in this field, and he will be more relaxed in this field. Liu Lu believes that mathematical logic is pure mathematics and has no application in practical application, although it has played a great role in the development of computers. But it is not particularly prominent in practical application.
Liu Lu and his mentor.
Liu Lu himself wants to learn more knowledge while he is young, and then learn more knowledge in other fields, and try it in all fields, instead of always doing research on mathematical logic, just as he chose to study pure mathematics.
Liu Lu explained his thinking of answering Sitapan's conjecture.
Even if I have struggled in this field all my life and have not made the kind of achievement I want to achieve, I will be annoyed, but I will not regret my choice, but I will not regret it. Because I think doing what I like is the most important thing.
Liu Lu is a man with a heavy heart. He is not bound by fame. He loves logic and pursues procedure. He showed it incisively and vividly in Liu Lu. When he introduces breaststroke skills, he will say "According to the law of conservation of energy ……"; When explaining traffic accidents, most people say "bullet train", and he is used to saying "bullet train"; Someone asked him cheerfully, if possible, what kind of magic he would like to have in Harry Potter? He refused to answer and insisted on a framework first. "Generally, solving math problems requires a framework ..."
In 20 14, Liu Lu's brand-new paper "Avoiding Calculation-Closing All Members" was published in Journal of American Mathematical Society, an authoritative international journal of mathematics. This paper has become the most powerful weapon for Liu Lu to attack netizens accusing him of being an "academic liar" and attacking him for corruption or being crushed by fame.
According to the magazine's comments, the author "invented a brand-new technology ... which is one of the most important contributions to computing theory and related fields in recent years".
From mathematical logic to computer, Liu Lu has made a breakthrough in just two years, and Liu Lu has been creating his own miracle in his own life.
It is most important for a person to have hobbies. Liu Lu has always been firm in his dream of mathematics, which is the most important reason for his success. As parents, we should learn to cultivate children's habit of independent and self-disciplined learning, and at the same time actively guide children to have their own goals and hobbies, and respect and encourage their hobbies.
Although Liu Lu's parents opposed Liu Lu's study of mathematics, they did not impose interference, which gave Liu Lu a chance to choose his life freely.
Even if many people lack the talent to climb the summit of Mount Everest, they will create their own miracles. The key is to see if parents know how to respect and encourage their children's hobbies.
Sometimes, the persistent pursuit of goals and hobbies, regardless of the outcome, will gain more:
Liu Lu will study and think about a problem he is interested in for a long time, without pursuing scores or even results. And more children are always in a hurry to make a result, and if they can't do it, they will turn to the standard answer instead of thinking for themselves.