1The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, published on July 5, 686, is Newton's most important scientific work and the first epoch-making work of classical mechanics. It gives the first complete cosmology and scientific theory system since the birth of modern science.

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy is the crystallization of Newton after 20 years of thinking, experiments, a large number of astronomical observations and countless calculus. It is a standard axiomatic system based on the most basic definitions and axioms. In the preface, Newton formulated a program to explain all physical phenomena by mechanics.

The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy consists of a preface and two parts. The first part includes definitions, notes, basic theorems and laws of motion. The definition includes mass, momentum and external force. In the annotation, Newton gave absolute meaning to time, space and motion. The second part is divided into three parts. The first part studies the law of universal gravitation with the basic laws established earlier.

The second part discusses the motion force of an object in a medium. The third chapter, entitled "On the Cosmic System", is a concrete application of Newtonian mechanics in astronomy, in which tides, precession and the Cosmic System are discussed, and the "inference rules in philosophy" are given.

After the book was published, it shocked the whole British and European academic circles. The appearance of Halley's comet as scheduled, the reasonable explanation of precession phenomenon and the determination of G value irrefutably verify the correctness of the law of universal gravitation.

The problems discussed by Newton in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and the methods to deal with them are still taught by mathematics and science majors in universities. Its influence covers all fields of natural science. No matter from the history of science or the whole history of human civilization, so far, no second important science or other academic theory has achieved such great achievements and influence.