Examples with different meanings

A notional verb has a notional meaning, indicating an action or a state, and can be used as a predicate independently in a sentence. She has some bananas. She ate some bananas.

They eat a lot of potatoes. They often eat potatoes.

I am reading an English book now.

I am reading an English book now.

The serial verb itself has a certain meaning, but it cannot be used as a predicate independently. They must form predicates together with predicates. His father is a teacher. His father is a teacher.

Twins usually look the same.

Twins usually look the same.

The teacher became very angry. The teacher became very angry.

Auxiliary verbs are meaningless, so they cannot be independent predicates. They can only form predicate verbs with active words to express negation, doubt, tense, voice or other grammatical forms. Auxiliary verbs themselves have names, singular and plural, and tense changes. He can't speak English. He can't speak English.

We are playing basketball. We are playing basketball.

Do you have any brothers? Do you have any brothers?

Modal verbs have certain meanings and cannot be used as predicates independently. They can only form predicate verbs with active words to express the speaker's mood and modality. Modal verbs have no changes in person and singular and plural, and some modal verbs have past tense. You can keep these books for two weeks.

You can keep these books for two weeks.

May I smoke here? May I smoke here?

We must go now. We have to go now.

★ Important note:

(1) notional verb:

① English notional verbs can be divided into transitive verbs and intransitive verbs:

Transitive verbs must be followed by the meaning of the object to be complete; An intransitive verb, with complete meaning, does not need to be followed by an object.

② Some verbs are usually just intransitive verbs. Such as: going, coming, having fun, lying, listening, getting up, arriving, going to class, etc.

Some verbs are usually used as transitive verbs. For example, raise, release, find, buy and so on.

③ Most verbs can be used as transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. Such as: learning, singing, etc.

When some verbs are used as transitive verbs and intransitive verbs, their meanings are different. Such as: knowing, washing, etc.

⑤ Some verbs often form fixed phrases with prepositions, adverbs or other parts of speech to form phrasal verbs. Listen, answer, wait and see.

(2) About the linking verbs:

A connecting verb is used to connect the subject and the predicate, and adjectives are often followed by conjunctions.

② Common conjunctions are: yes, be, see, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, rotate, grow, get, go, fall, sit, stand and lie down.

③ Some connective verbs come from notional verbs, and their meanings change accordingly: look → look, feel → feel, smell (smell → smell), taste → taste, turn → become, grow → become, and so on.

[Notes]

Differences in usage of become, get, go, be, grow and turn: become means "become", which is more formal, and usually does not use the future tense to indicate that the action has been completed. Get also means that the action has been completed, but it is more colloquial, usually indicating changes in temperature, time, age, etc. Go means "become", which is common in some phrases, followed by adjectives such as bad, blind and hungry. Be means "yes, yes, yes" and is often used in future tense, imperative sentence or infinitive. Grow means "change", often refers to gradual change, indicating the growth of height and age. Turn means "change", which means to become different from the original situation, usually referring to the change of color. I got caught in the rain and got sick. /He made a fortune. He will be a scientist in the future. /My little brother has grown a lot in the past year/The sandwich has gone bad/After her mother criticized her, her face turned red.

(3) About auxiliary verbs:

① Common auxiliary verbs are: be (am, is, are, was, was, be, be, being) used in progressive and passive forms; There is a (yes, yes, yes) perfect tense; Shall (should) be the future tense; Will (would) and do(does, did) in general tenses.

(2) Auxiliary verbs must be consistent with the person and number of the subject, that is, they take different forms because of the different person and number of the subject, and some auxiliary verbs can also be modal verbs. Such as: shall, will, should, would.

(4) About modal verbs:

① Common modal verbs are: can (can), may (may), must, shall (should), will (will), dare (dare), need, etc. In addition, have to and had better are also used as modal verbs. Modal verbs must be followed by the prototype of verbs.

②can means physical and mental ability or objective possibility. In spoken English, when asking or explaining whether something can be done, "can" is often used instead of "may". The past tense of modal verb "can" is "could", the negative form is "cannot", and the negative form of "could not" is "could not", usually abbreviated as "could not". Can I help you? Do you need any help? He can swim. That can't be Mr. Li. That can't be Mr. Li.

(3) Possibility refers to permission, request or possibility. When you ask questions with May, you usually use affirmative or yes, you can. ; The negative answer is usually "no" or "no". For example, may I ask you a question? Can I ask you a question? Of course)/You can go now. /It may be in your pocket. (It may be in your pocket)

④ It must mean "must" and "must". The negative form of "must" is mustnot; ; When you say "must", the negative form is "can't", for example, we must be very careful when crossing the road/it must be Jack. /I haven't seen Kate today. She can't be here. I haven't seen Kate today. She can't be here.

[Note] When you ask questions with must, you must definitely use must and don't have to answer; For the negative answer; When you ask a question with must, you still use must to express a positive answer, but you can't express a negative answer. For example, do we have to clean the room before we leave? Must we clean the room before we leave? Yes, it must be cleaned. /No, you don't. )/Must she be in Roma? -Yes, she must. Or no, she can't. Must she be in the room? Yes, for sure. /No, that's impossible. )

⑤ "have to" means "have to" and "have to". It's very late at night, we must leave now.

The interrogative form of "have to" is: auxiliary verb+…+have to, and the negative form is: auxiliary verb +not+ have to or use it, for example, do you have to stay until 8 o'clock? Must you stay until 8 o'clock? You don't have to do this. You need to do this. You don't have to do this.

6 shall, in interrogative sentences, can be used with the first person to solicit the opinions of the other party; The second and third person subjects of a declarative sentence are followed by "command", "warning" and "permission". Shall we go to the zoo this weekend? Shall we go to the zoo this weekend? He should bring his own book next time.

⑦ should can mean "suggestion", "suggestion" and "surprise". We should talk to old people politely.

Will means "will" and "determination" and is usually used with the second person. Would you please close the door for me? Would you please close the door for me? I'll teach you a lesson.

Pet-name ruby ⑨would represent the past "will" and "determination". Every time he comes home, he will sit by the fire.

Would can also express the current situation and express the speaker's requirements for the other party. The tone is more euphemistic than "will". In daily conversation, "I think ……" is usually expressed by "I do" or "I should (I think) do". Do you want to have a rest at the moment? Do you want to have a rest now? )

Would can also refer to what happened. Every year, parents tell their children that the boy will save his people.

⑩ need means "need" and is used in interrogative or negative sentences. When "need" is used as a notional verb, it can be used in affirmative sentences, negative sentences and interrogative sentences. For example, he doesn't need to be in such a hurry/he needs some help/he doesn't need to bring his football socks.

⑾ dare means "dare" and its usage is similar to that of "need", that is, in interrogative sentences and negative sentences, you can be a modal verb followed by a verb infinitive without "to". In affirmative sentences, like notional verbs, the infinitive after the verb should take "to". How dare you call me a fool? How dare you call me a fool? He dare not touch the red button.

⑿' best (do)' ("best") is generally used as a modal verb, and the negative form is:' best not (do). For example, you'd better sit here and say nothing. /You'd better not talk, because.

2. List of morphological changes of verbs:

(1) Table of Variation of Conventional Verbs:

The rule changed the ending of the prototype verb. Present tense, single person, present participle, past tense and past participle.

general run of things

End of s, x, ch, sh, o +es +ing +ed.

The consonant +y ends in y→i, +es +ing y→i, +ed.

Re-stress the closed syllables of one yuan, one suffix +s double consonants +ing double consonants +ed.

The silent e ends with +s minus e and+ing+d.

Ie +s ie→y, +ing +d ends.

Irregular changes are → yes; ; Be→is (none) (see irregular verb variation table)

Note: ① When adding ing or ed, if the verb ends with "r" and the last syllable is stressed, "r" should be written as a double number.

② Pronunciation rules of S/ES: pronounce [S] after clearing consonants; Read [z] after voiced consonants and vowels; Read [iz] after [s], [F], [z], [tF] and [dV].

③ Pronunciation rules of ED: read [T] after clearing consonants; Read [d] after voiced consonants and vowels; Read [id] after [t] and [d].

(2) irregular verb variation table: (prototype → past tense → past participle)

Lost, lost, lost.

Be made, made, made

Beat, beat, beat may be

Become mean

Start meeting, meet, meet.

Blow, blow, blow wrong, wrong.

Break, break, break, break, break.

Bring bring pay pay pay.

Build, build and release

Buy buy, buy and read.

Can ride can ride.

I got it. I got it. The ring rang.

Choose, choose, rise, rise, rise.

Come on, run, run.

Cost, cost, cost, talk about it.

Cut, cut, look at the saw.

Dig, dig, sell, sell, sell

Do send, send, send

Drawing Drawing Settings Settings Settings

Getting drunk should, should, should

Drive, drive, shine, shine

Eat, eat, display, display

Fall, fall, close, close, close.

Feel, feel, feel and sing.

Find, find, sink, sink, sink, sink.

Flying, flying and sitting suit

Forget forget forget/forget to sleep.

Freeze, freeze, freeze, smell and smell.

Get get talk talk talk talk.

Give it to flowers.

Go, go, spill, spill.

Spoiled, spoiled

hang hung/hang hung/hang stand stand stand

Sweep, sweep

Hear hear hear swim swim.

Hide, hide, take away, take away.

Fight and teach.

Keep keeping telling, telling, telling.

Injury, injury, injury and thinking

Keep throwing and throwing.

Know know know know know know know.

Lie down, lie down, wake up, wake up.

Wear old ones

Leaving. Leaving will be

Lend, lend, lend, win, win

Let's write.

Lie down

3. Various tense changes of 3.be ("yes/existence") verbs:

One is the present, the other is the future, and the present is perfect.

I am ...

You are. …

He/she/it is …

We/you/they are ... ) will be ... ...

I am

He/she/it will be …

We/you/they are what I have been …

You've ...

She/he/it has …

We/you/they have …

Past tense, past tense, past tense, past tense and perfect tense.

I'm ...

You are. …

He/she/it is …

We/you/they are ... ) It will be … ...

I used to be

He/she/this will be …

We/you/they are what I have been …

You've ...

She/he/it has …

We/you/they have …

Note: When the sentence pattern changes,

Negative sentences add not after am/is/are/will/have/has/was/was/had/would, and n't (am is abbreviated as n't (not after am cannot be abbreviated);

Interrogative questions push am/is/are/will/have/has/was/was/had/would to the beginning of the sentence.