1, teachers' guidance is indispensable to carry out scientific and technological practice activities, and its role cannot be underestimated.
Carrying out any scientific practice, investigation and interview is one of the forms that must be used frequently, but for students, it is not enough to solve practical problems only by relying on the investigation methods and strategies learned in school. Teachers should strengthen guidance in this respect. For example, in our school's activities such as hanging protection cards on ancient trees in our hometown, garbage is a misplaced resource, so we should cherish the water of life and care for the ecological environment, so I ask students to investigate and study:
(1) The investigation must have a purpose. Go out to do an investigation today, and know what you are doing.
(2) The investigation tools must be ready. You must use pens, notebooks (notebooks), designed questionnaires or forms, and other tools, such as rope (meter ruler, tape measure) to carry out investigation activities.
(3) Polite expressions in the process of investigation. In the process of investigation, you should respect others, and don't make others feel abrupt and unwilling to cooperate with you. Thank you after the investigation.
(4) Pay attention to recording the information obtained during the investigation. Interviews and conversation record in the process of investigation should be recorded truthfully and in detail as far as possible, so as to extract the essence and accumulate a lot of money.
(5) The investigation process and record data should be realistic, and good habits should be formed.
(6) Pay special attention to safety issues during the investigation.
(7) Develop the habit of thinking during the investigation and be able to write your own feelings and experiences.
2. To guide students to carry out scientific practice activities, we must make effective evaluation according to the purpose and form of the activities and adopt different guiding strategies.
For example, in the scientific practice of "Three Tones of Banana Fan" in our school, three investigation activities ("Three Tones") were arranged because of the needs of the activities, and the investigation purposes of each activity were different, so the guidance methods adopted were different.
A banana fan: experience-wonderful banana fan
U Activity Purpose: This time, students will experience the excitement of banana fans for the first time, and learn about the brief history of the fan factory and the types of fans mainly in the form of visits and interviews.
U activity form: Students visit the fan factory mainly to appreciate the molded products, which can be recorded in the form of photos and videos, giving them a sense of pleasure and beauty. Visiting students can design relevant forms, ask questions about the history of the factory, the management mode of the management personnel of the company, make records, collect first-hand information, and experience the happiness of acquiring knowledge and realizing their goals. At the same time, in the process of contacting successful people in enterprises, we should exercise our communication skills, generate appreciation and admiration for others, and thus motivate ourselves to make progress.
U problems in the process of activities (evaluation):
(1) Some students don't know enough about this activity, and very few students don't care. They just want to get rid of their studies, relax and wander aimlessly in factories and workshops.
Due to the lack of activities, some students were nervous and timid during the interview and could not ask questions. However, the environmental protection and enterprise development issues raised by Lin and He are very good.
While enjoying all kinds of fans, the students showed confusion, amazement and surprise ... They forgot to know the variety of fans and records and got little information.
(4) Some students were regarded as idle by some employees when watching in the workshop, feeling shy and a little overwhelmed. In the following activities, students should be guided to learn to communicate with others actively and to pass on their activities and good intentions to others in order to gain their support and understanding. So I took the following measures.
U guidance strategy:
The first is to guide students how to collect materials-in the process of students' theme activities, teachers should guide students to collect the following materials: (1) activity objectives, (2) activity plan design, (3) investigation, experiment and experience records, (4) consulting materials and arranging records, (5) data arrangement and analysis records, and (6) group communication.
Second, the word "three-tune banana fan" literally means "tune", which requires us to pay attention to the investigation, so how to carry out the investigation? (see above).
Third, how do teachers deal with some details in guiding activities?
Teachers' activities should not be superior to others, but should be combined with students, reflecting the characteristics of new curriculum and comprehensive practical activity curriculum, completing a task with students, learning to respect and listen to students and communicate more; Pay attention to the composition of students' knowledge, the lack of knowledge, the accumulation of knowledge and the application of knowledge in the process of activities; Pay attention to negative emotions in students' activities, encourage and praise positive emotions, and guide students to improve bad emotions.
Two-tone banana fan: practical articles-the production process of banana fan, the experience of students, and learning to make a fan.
U Activity purpose: According to the activity design scheme, it belongs to the "practice" chapter, mainly through the visit of "one-tune banana fans", and on the basis of enjoying the colorful banana fans, students are fascinated by the fans they see ... So, how are these colorful banana fans made? This is the main content of our "two-tone banana fan"
U activity form: still mainly visit and interview, go deep into the workshop to see how the workers operate, understand the process of making a fan, understand the reward of the workers for a day's work, experience some operation steps and learn to make a fan.
U activity guidance strategy:
Paying attention to the process in continuous activities is to ensure that students participate in complete activities as much as possible. Fragments of experience can't enter students' personal learning resumes and leave a deep impression on them, and it's not easy to impress them. Continuity is not a simple repetition, and every practice is based on reflection on the previous practice. The first survey and close contact with colorful fans left a deep impression on us, so the second survey should determine the focus of this activity on the basis of reflection on the previous one. Because the comprehensive, practical, open, generative and autonomous characteristics of comprehensive practical activities determine the richness, flexibility and uncontrollability of the activities, in order to make the whole activity process orderly and ensure that the activities do not deviate from the predetermined activity goals, students must monitor their own behavior, decide the next action intentionally according to the actual operation of each step, and understand what materials need to be collected and collect photos in detail.
Three-tone banana fan: thinking-industrial function, environmental protection and sustainable utilization of resources of banana fan industry.
● Purpose of the activity: This activity is based on the design scheme and is a reflection article. This paper discusses the function of banana fan industry, and forms some views on the economic development, employment, tax payment and environmental impact of our town.
● Activity form: mainly take communication, thinking, summary and evaluation as "words", evaluate the results of one's participation in the activity and form an investigation report.
● Guidance strategy:
In the stage of summing-up and communication, what aspects should teachers guide?
First sort out the questionnaire survey, various materials, activity records, activity experiences, etc. Carry out in the process of activities, and summarize and communicate in the form of activity files.
Second, guide students to summarize and reflect on the activities. For example, in group activities, what did I mainly do and how was my work? During the activity, some students did better than me, which is worth learning from and so on.
Third, guide students to exchange results, report activities and let students show themselves. That is, students' rich experiences, gains, works (photos, handwritten newspapers, small productions, small inventions, diaries, programs, investigation reports, small papers, etc. ) in actual activities, it is displayed through walls, media, stage, public demonstrations, etc. To satisfy students' desire for expression, and to guide and motivate students through peer evaluation, appreciation, collective evaluation and teacher evaluation, as well as students' own reflective evaluation.
Fourth, guide students to draw conclusions from the analysis. The conclusion of students' analysis can become general basic knowledge; It can also be specific countermeasures and suggestions; It can also be used as the basis of empirical and theoretical understanding for further investigation and research. Teachers should instruct students to write summary reports and show all the conclusions to others. The report should be clear, concise and fully reflect your own views.
3. Guiding students to carry out scientific practice activities must achieve effective and practical purposes.
For example, in the activity of "Investigation on Water Quality and Pollution of Hometown Rivers", the requirements for water sampling are strict, and the county CDC is required to issue a water quality appraisal conclusion, so the professional department is invited to guide the appraisal. Another example is "garbage is a misplaced resource". In scientific practice, students are confused about the measurement of garbage volume and quality, so I will give guidance on their specific problems:
① Volume measurement: First, find some boxes with some data on them. For example, the box of a globe has the following data: 36×36×37cm, that is to say, its length, width and height are 36cm, 36cm and 37cm respectively, so its volume is 47952cm3, which is about 48dm3. Then you can estimate the amount of garbage in this box every day. The key is that you need to find some boxes for sorting garbage. The second is to wrap some compressible garbage in newspaper, then measure the length, width and height, and get the result after calculation. Of course, the best way is to measure. If you have any difficulties, you can ask your math teacher or tutor for help. (The volume of the attached mineral water bottle is about 0.8dm3)
② Quality measurement: According to the characteristics of campus garbage, I specially found some plastics, paper, etc. And weigh on an electronic scale. The following data are for students' reference when entering data:
A 32K book with 30 1 page number, scientific and technological innovation and innovation ability training, weighs 250g, which is equivalent to 1.6g per page. Generally, every page of a textbook is similar.
A 50-page magazine, Hunan Education, weighs 85g, which is equivalent to a paper weight of 3.2g per page, which is the same as the textbook of 16k.
100 A4 paper weighs 225g, which is equivalent to 2.2g per page.
A mineral water bottle weighs 20g, an AD calcium bottle (200ml) weighs 20g, a refreshing bottle weighs 15g, an iced tea bottle weighs 30g, a cola fruity bottle weighs 5g, a ballpoint pen weighs 10g, a disposable cups weighs 1.5g, a ruler with a length of 20cm and a triangle. Even organic matter, glass, etc. It can be weighed by a steelyard commonly used in rural areas.