Mathematical literacy refers to the ability and tendency of people to observe, analyze and solve problems with mathematical viewpoints, mathematical thinking modes and methods, including mathematical consciousness, mathematical behavior, mathematical thinking habits, interests, possibilities and qualities. Mathematics is a discipline with orderly knowledge structure and strong logic. "It is a process in which people qualitatively grasp and quantitatively describe the objective world, gradually abstract and generalize it, form methods and theories, and widely apply them". The learning process of mathematical knowledge must follow the characteristics of mathematical disciplines and be completed through continuous analysis, synthesis, operation and judgment and reasoning. Therefore, the whole learning process is a process of accumulating mathematical knowledge, mastering, applying and internalizing methods, and it is also a process of constantly cultivating and strengthening the quality of mathematical thinking. Obviously, the strict order of mathematics, the inherent logic of mathematical knowledge and the diversity of mathematical methods are extremely important factors for us to improve our mathematical literacy.
Question 2: What are the core qualities of primary school mathematics? Primary school students' mathematical literacy includes five kinds of mathematical consciousness, namely, digital consciousness, symbolic consciousness, spatial consciousness, statistical consciousness and mathematical application consciousness, four kinds of mathematical abilities, namely, mathematical thinking, mathematical understanding, mathematical communication and problem solving, and the development of mathematical values.
Question 3: What are the key words of primary school mathematics core literacy? Number sense, symbol consciousness, spatial concept, geometric intuition, data analysis concept, calculation ability, reasoning ability and model thinking.
Question 4: What doctoral supervisors have made special reports on the revision of mathematics curriculum standards in ordinary senior high schools, and put forward that Chinese students should cultivate six core qualities in mathematics learning: mathematical abstraction, logical reasoning, mathematical modeling, mathematical operation, intuitive imagination and data analysis.
Question 5: What are the core qualities of primary school mathematics included in the curriculum standards? From June, 5438 to February, 2006, the European Union passed a proposal on core literacy, which includes eight fields: mother tongue, foreign language, mathematics and scientific literacy, information literacy, learning ability, civic and social literacy, entrepreneurship and artistic literacy, and each field is composed of three dimensions: knowledge, skills and attitude. As the overall target system of EU education and training system, the core idea of these core qualities is to enable all EU citizens to have lifelong learning ability, so as to realize the ideal of personal success and social and economic development in the challenge of globalization and knowledge economy. ?
Question 6: What are the mathematical literacy of primary school students? They include five kinds of mathematical consciousness, namely, digital consciousness, symbol consciousness, spatial consciousness, statistical consciousness and mathematical application consciousness, four kinds of mathematical thinking, mathematical understanding, mathematical communication and problem-solving ability, and the development of mathematical values.
1. Understand the world from a mathematical perspective.
1, what is "mathematical consciousness"? For example, students can calculate "48÷4", which shows that students have the knowledge and skills of division. Students will understand, "there are 48 apples, with an average of 4 apples per person." How many people can you give them? " It shows that students have certain ability to analyze and solve problems, but none of them can show that students have mathematical consciousness. In physical education class, 48 students are jumping long ropes, and the teacher has prepared four long ropes, from which students can think of the formula "48÷4", which shows that students have a certain sense of mathematics.
Second, mathematical thinking-the cultivation of mathematical thinking ability.
1, combining numbers and shapes to develop students' thinking in images. For example, after weighing 1kg apples and flour, students can count them and find that 4-6 apples weigh about 1kg, 2 bottles of mineral water weigh about 1kg, and several handfuls of 1kg soybeans (about 4,000 grains). Let students associate the abstract mathematical concept 1kg with the quantity and volume of specific things, which can help students effectively establish the quality concept of 1kg and transform the abstract concept into visible mathematical facts.
Third, use mathematical methods to solve problems.
1. According to the age characteristics of primary school students, drawing, arranging, guessing, verifying and hands-on operation should be used as common strategies in teaching. I met something like "Xiaojun went swimming in the swimming pool and swam back and forth twice in the lane, * * * swam 100 meters. How long is the lane of this swimming pool? " This kind of question allows students to simulate the real situation on the desktop by hand and understand that "two round trips" are actually the lengths of four lanes.
Question 7: How to cultivate the core literacy of primary school mathematics students? So far, there is no strict and unified definition of mathematical literacy. Some people think that "mathematical literacy" is a relatively stable psychological state in which people acquire mathematical knowledge, skills, mathematical thinking methods, mathematical ability, mathematical concepts and mathematical thinking quality on the basis of congenital and influenced by acquired environment and mathematical education. In the words of Professor Gu Pei of Nankai University, "mathematical literacy" is what remains after all the mathematical knowledge you have learned has been discharged or forgotten. Primary school students' mathematical literacy includes five kinds of mathematical consciousness, namely, sense of number, sense of symbol, sense of space, sense of statistics and sense of mathematical application, four kinds of mathematical abilities, namely, mathematical thinking, mathematical understanding, mathematical communication and problem solving, and the development of mathematical values. I will talk to you about my superficial understanding of cultivating students' mathematical literacy from the following three aspects: 1. Understand the world from a mathematical point of view. Second, think in a mathematical way. Third, use mathematical methods to solve problems. First of all, look at the first aspect: understanding the world from the perspective of mathematics-the cultivation of mathematical consciousness. What is "mathematical consciousness"? For example, students can calculate "48÷4", which shows that students have the knowledge and skills of division. Students will understand, "there are 48 apples, with an average of 4 apples per person." How many people can you give them? " It shows that students have certain ability to analyze and solve problems, but none of them can show that students have mathematical consciousness. In physical education class, 48 students are jumping long ropes, and the teacher has prepared four long ropes, from which students can think of the formula "48÷4", which shows that students have a certain sense of mathematics. (1) Understand the meaning of numbers and the relationship between numbers, and cultivate a sense of numbers. There is a display board in the beijing museum of natural history: "1983, in the navigation survey conducted in the northeast, only two tigers were found in the forest of 7,000 square meters, so the Northeast Tiger was listed as a first-class protected animal." Xiao Yang of university of international business and economics thinks that a standard playground is bigger than 7,000 square meters. If there are two tigers in 7000 square meters, the number of tigers should be very large. How can they be listed as first-class protected animals? So why do so many tourists turn a blind eye to this explanation, while Xiao Yangcan finds the problem? On the one hand, I think Xiao Yang is good at observing and thinking, on the other hand, it shows that Xiao Yang has a good sense of numbers. "Sense of number" is the understanding and feeling of logarithmic essence. The essence of numbers is "more and less" or "big and small", thus transitioning to the order of numbers. The problem of "number sense" can be traced back to animal perception. For example, a dog may dare to fight with a wolf, but if there are two wolves, it will be afraid. If faced with a pack of wolves, it will run away. This shows that animals also know "more and less". In Book Number: The Language of Science, it is recorded that a crow built a bird's nest on the watchtower of a manor. The owner of the manor was very angry about this and decided to kill the crow. However, whenever the manor owner enters the watchtower, the crow leaves the nest until the manor owner walks out of the watchtower. The owner of the manor thought of a way. He found a friend, two people went in together, and then one of them came out, hoping to leave one person to kill the crow, but the crow was not fooled. Then three people go in, two people come out, four people go in, three people come out, it's still the same. It was not until five people went in and four people came out that the crow could not tell the difference and returned to its nest. This shows that crows can understand numbers at least to 4 or 5. If people can't count, how much can they say? Experiments show that people can only distinguish 4 or 5. It can be inferred that in mathematics, after the invention of counting, there is an essential difference between human beings and animals. Only with the concept of "how much" can human beings understand the concepts of "order" and "successor number" Starting from l, with the help of "successor number", a natural number system is formed; The rational number system is formed by four operations of natural numbers; Through algebraic operation of rational numbers, the real number system is finally formed. Therefore, the concept of "how much" and the natural number generated naturally instead of through operation are the most essential concepts of mathematics and the foundation of primary school mathematics. Therefore, cultivating primary school students' "sense of numbers" is the focus of lower grade teaching. In fact, students already know a lot before entering school, but that's just what they know from their life experience. They have only a very superficial understanding of numbers. Our task is to make these adults look abstract and gradually enrich them in children's minds. Unit 5 of the first volume of Grade One, learn the understanding of 1 1 ~ 20. The teaching focus of this class is to let students pass ... >>
Question 8: What are the core qualities in Chinese teaching in primary schools? The second primary school Chinese teaching seminar and the annual high-end forum for primary school Chinese special teachers, organized by the Professional Committee of Primary School Chinese Teaching of China Education Society, was held in Urumqi on June 12- 13. The theme of this seminar is "Language use with the goal of improving students' core Chinese quality". President Chen Xianyun made a concluding speech at the meeting, and now he has put forward a list of primary school Chinese core literacy for your reference.
List of primary school Chinese core literacy
The future reform of Chinese education in primary schools should adapt to the needs of social development and changes for the concept of talents and the concept of Chinese education quality, so the core literacy cannot be comprehensive or ignored. We try to list the core literacy of primary school Chinese from four dimensions: understanding, application, thinking and aesthetics. 1 language comprehension ability
Be able to read the main content of the text and understand the characteristics of the text expression; Know how to accumulate beautiful and fresh language materials, and have a preliminary sense of language. 2 Language use ability
According to the specific context (language situation) and task requirements, I can make the best use of my experience in speech activities in oral and written language expression and communicate smoothly. 3 thinking ability
Be able to think actively in reading, expression and other verbal activities; Can use imagination and association to form a preliminary understanding of objective things, a preliminary understanding of language and literary images, and have a preliminary judgment. 4 Preliminary aesthetic ability
Feel the beauty of Chinese characters and have the emotion of loving the language and writing of the motherland; Feel the beauty of human nature: truth, goodness and beauty, with a preliminary aesthetic experience.
At the same time, he talked about the ways to implement the core literacy of Chinese, thinking that literacy is not innate, but acquired. The formation process of literacy is mainly the process of learning. The process of learning can not be completed at one time, and it can only be achieved through repeated training and exercise. This requires everyone to think about such a question: What is training? Training what? How to train?
Language understanding and application are at the basic level of the overall structure of Chinese core literacy; The development of language and thinking are complementary. The cultivation of thinking ability and aesthetic ability is based on the understanding and application of language, and is realized in the process of cultivating and improving the ability of language understanding and application.
Reading series and expression series are the ways to realize it; Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the ways to realize it; Life is the way to realize. Generally speaking, listening and reading belong to the category of understanding language, and speaking and writing belong to the category of using language (although this is vague, it can be studied in depth). Reading is not only reading the text, but also establishing the concept of big reading. Read more and think more. Chinese teaching should pay attention to protecting children's nature, such as curiosity, plasticity, imitation and love of inquiry.
Question 9: What is the core literacy of primary school students' mathematics? How to cultivate students should actively and creatively explore effective teaching methods according to teaching objectives, students' needs and local objective conditions; Constantly reflect on your teaching behavior and strive to become an innovative research-oriented teacher. Only under the premise of thoroughly understanding the curriculum standards, deeply studying the teaching materials and studying the students can we prepare lessons carefully and have a clear plan for teaching.
Question 10: What question thinking ability should be paid attention to in the cultivation of primary school mathematics core literacy? It is a process of independent thinking. Then don't be afraid of problems. In fact, in the process of studying at school, many students see difficult problems, especially math problems, and the first thing that comes to mind is that I can't, I can't. In middle school, it is often graded step by step, that is, you can get as many points as you can on your topic. Many students can get 4 or 5 points for a question with a score of 13 because of fear, but they can't get it because of fear of difficult problems. I think students should be allowed to think from an early age. Even if they can't get the answer, they will know where they are stuck, and then they will gain more when they explain later, and understand why they can't do it. Of course, if you can guide your thinking step by step in the process of solving the problem, tell the students what this place should be used, and then let them do it themselves. If they get stuck again, it will be much better than giving them a hint directly.