Litchi Dan in June in Zhou Nan is the work of Jia Zuzhang, a famous popular science writer in China. In this paper, the shape, storage and transportation of litchi are described accurately, and the habits, origin and cultivation history of litchi are generally introduced, which is full of confidence in the future of litchi production in China. "Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan" was selected as the standard experimental textbook of ordinary senior high school curriculum, and was selected as the Chinese textbook of junior high school Chinese edition and compulsory five of Jiangsu Education Edition.
basic content
In this paper, the shape, storage and transportation of litchi are accurately explained, and the habits, producing areas and cultivation history of litchi are generally introduced, which is full of confidence in the future of litchi production in China.
This paper is divided into two parts. The first part (1 ~ 8) explains the shape and fruit of litchi in three levels.
The first layer is the paragraph 1, which questions the teacher's introduction about learning "Litchi Picture Preface" in primary schools and leads to the topic of "Litchi". When I was a child, I only knew that "the shell and meat of dried litchi were brown", which was different from the litchi described in the preface to litchi, and the teacher couldn't explain it clearly when asking questions. This kind of opening is cordial and lively, which is in line with students' reading psychology. Quoting the poem of Bai Juyi's Preface to Litchi provides a basis for the different views on Litchi mentioned later.
The second layer is paragraphs 2 ~ 4, which mainly describes the external morphology (shell, color, fruit shape and size) of litchi. The author disagrees with Bai Juyi's statement that "the shell is like a red dragonfly", and thinks that "the dragonfly is a silk fabric with smooth silk fabric and rough litchi shell"; After explaining the color of "cooked litchi", the author felt that it was not full, and compared with "crimson capsule", "red star" and "coral bead", the image was vivid and lifelike. The fruit shape of litchi is heart-shaped, oval or round, and it is pushed out from the pedicle to the top and sides in turn. Speaking of the size of litchi, the author introduced the size and weight of litchi with the method of column data, which is true and credible.
The third layer is paragraphs 5 ~ 8, which mainly focus on the fruits of litchi (membrane, meat, stone and flower). The author disagrees with Bai Juyi's statement that the film is like purple gauze, and thinks that Bai Juyi "mistook the pattern on the inner wall of the shell for the pattern of the film" and should be "a white film in the shell that clings to the inner wall of the shell"; I object to Bai Juyi's statement that "Bai Rubing's skin is like snow", and think that "skin" is actually not meat, but an "aril" developed from a layer of "membrane", and "real skin is a membrane that is thrown away with the shell". Subsequently, the author explained the shape, color and species of litchi stone in concise language. The flower of litchi is not the fruit of litchi in content, but the flower and the fruit are inseparable, and only the flower can bear fruit, so it is introduced together. Its main characteristics are many litchi flowers and long flowering period. On this floor, paragraph 8 also introduces the storage and transportation of litchi. Obviously, storage and transportation does not belong to the category of fruit, but storage and transportation is mainly to keep litchi delicious and closely related to fruit, so it is introduced after "meat".
This part mainly introduces litchi fruit, and adopts the explanation order from outside to inside (from outside to inside).
The second part (paragraph 9 ~ 12) mainly introduces litchi production.
The ninth paragraph describes the origin distribution of litchi, and proves that litchi originated in China with "there are wild litchi forests in Hainan Island and Lianjiang". King Nanyue paid tribute to Emperor Gaozu, which proved that litchi had been cultivated in China for at least 2,000 years. In paragraph 10, 13 ancient books about litchi, especially Vegetable Garden, are used to illustrate that litchi originated in China. In paragraph 1 1, in order to illustrate the habit of "loving warmth" of litchi, "Cheng and Min are the northern limits of its growth", the author lists the story between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhong Gu and litchi, which shows that the predecessors loved litchi and wanted to move northward, but failed, and used the phrase "Now that science is developed, it is not necessarily impossible for litchi to move northward in the future" 12 quotes Su Shi's poems, which means that ancient poems are used today. In ancient times, only Yang Guifei and others could enjoy litchi. Today, we develop litchi production to benefit the working people.
From the full text, the order of the first part and the second part is from main to secondary.
Brief introduction of the author
Jia Zuzhang is a famous popular science writer in China. 190 1~ 1988, from Haining, Zhejiang. As early as 1930s, he had monographs such as Botanical Atlas of China. In193/kloc-0, the Commercial Press published his Introduction to Birds, which is the earliest modern ornithology work in China. He created a large number of popular science works, including Birds and Literature before liberation, Animal Stories and Life Essays, and Biological Fragments after Liberation. Most of Jia Zuzhang's popular science works are written with colorful creatures, which are rich in scientific knowledge, historical knowledge and literary knowledge, and are quite ideological, scientific and artistic.