First, in the18th century, Scottish physicist and chemist J. Black invented substances with the same mass but different heat required to rise to the same temperature, and put forward the viewpoint of specific heat capacity. Almost any substance can measure the specific heat capacity, such as chemical elements, compounds, alloys, solutions, composite materials and so on. Historically, heat was defined by the specific heat of water, and the heat required for 1 g water rise 1 degree was defined as 1 calorie. When an object with mass m absorbs (or releases) heat Δ q in a certain process, and the temperature increases (or decreases) Δ t, Δ q/Δ t is called the heat capacity of the object in this process, which is expressed by C, that is, c = Δ q/Δ t. The heat capacity and specific heat capacity of micro-process are respectively C. In the finite process when the temperature of an object changes from T 1 to T2, the heat absorbed (or released) is Q = ∫ (T2, T 1) CDT = M ∫ (T2, T 1) CDT. In the same general environment, heat capacity and specific heat capacity are both functions of temperature, but they can be regarded as constants when the temperature change range is not too large. So there is q = c (t2-t1) = mc (t2-t1). If the temperature change δT = T2-T 1, then q = cmδT ... This is the basic formula for calculating heat with specific heat capacity in middle school.