∫f(x)dx=F(x)+c This is the definition of indefinite integral. The relationship between f(x) and F(x) is the relationship between function and original function.

∫dx=x+c This is the basic formula of indefinite integral. From the form invariance, we can get: ∫ d (f (x)) = f (x)+c.

∫f(x)dx=F(x)+c, ∫d(F(x))=F(x)+C Obviously, ∫f(x)dx=∫d(F(x)).

∫f(x)dx=∫d(F(x))。 This formula can be described as: after moving f(x) to d, it is equivalent to integrating f(x). So: ∫x? dx=∫x*xdx=∫xd(x？ /2)

∫f(x)x？ dx=∫( 1/2)f(x)xdx？