First, the field investigation method
The tourism environment system is a complex system composed of many factors, especially the complex tourism geological environment. Therefore, in order to reveal its internal mechanism and explore ways to protect the geological tourism environment, its research must be based on a large number of measured data. Field investigation is a research method that collects and accumulates a large number of accurate and informative perceptual data as the basis of rational analysis through direct observation, interview, recording, questionnaire survey and measurement. The field investigation of geological tourism environment should study the resources and environmental conditions such as atmosphere, water, soil and biology in a specific tourist area, the satisfaction of residents and tourists, and the tourism facilities. In the field investigation method, induction and statistical analysis should be combined, and the data obtained from environmental monitoring, observation and experiment of geological tourism should be comprehensively summarized and statistically analyzed, so as to abstract the essence and movement law of the relationship between tourism development and environmental protection, and then rise to the height of theory and be further tested by practice. In the field investigation, we should seek truth from facts, take materialist dialectics as the guiding ideology, ensure the accuracy and objectivity of the obtained data, provide scientific basis for the subsequent comprehensive analysis and research, and finally draw the correct conclusion (Sun Keqin, 20 10).
Second, the comparative analysis method
The characteristics of various elements in the geo-tourism environment system are mostly relative and exist through comparison, that is, only through comparison can they be identified. There are two methods of comparison: regional comparison and classified comparison. Regional comparison refers to the comparative study based on regional differences and similarities, such as studying two nature reserves and comparing their similarities and differences, so as to learn from each other's environmental protection measures and promote their respective geological tourism environmental protection; The classification and comparison method is to classify the geological tourism environment, and then locate it correctly, so as to take different measures for different types of geological tourism environment, which is more conducive to the protection of geological tourism environment (Jiang Sumei, 2009). In practical work, we should pay attention to the comparability between regions, mainly the comparability of type, scope, structure or level. If the comparison conditions are inconsistent, it is impossible to draw a correct conclusion. In recent years, the research results of analogy method are constantly emerging. It can be predicted that analogy method will be an effective method for geo-tourism research and has broad application prospects.
Third, mathematical methods.
Using mathematical methods to study the quantitative relationship and spatial form of the real world has high abstraction, strict logic and wide application. Therefore, mathematical method is one of the basic tools for people to understand and transform nature, and it is also one of the research methods of geological tourism. Geological tourism plays an important role in the quantitative analysis of tourism and the study of environmental benefits. The application of mathematical methods in geological tourism generally includes statistical methods, statistical prediction methods, linear programming and some mathematical models. Geo-tourism research has a wide range of contents, so it is impossible to obtain all the first-hand information, which leads to the incompleteness of the first-hand information obtained in the research process. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and process the incomplete first-hand information by mathematical methods such as statistical prediction, and finally get the result through structural analysis, hypothesis testing and rational analysis (Fu Guanghai, Yin, 2009). For example, the evaluation of the environmental capacity of geological tourism resources is a semi-qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation. Because there are many influencing factors and many factors are uncertain, it is necessary to use the grey modeling system in mathematics. The capacity of geological tourism resources includes tourism natural capacity, tourism social capacity, tourism economic capacity, tourism psychological capacity and tourism management capacity, and the calculation of each sub-capacity also needs mathematical formulas. It can be seen that mathematical methods play an important role in tourism environmental protection, which can make some research of this subject develop in an accurate and quantitative direction.
In addition to the above methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, scientific abstraction, statistical analysis and expert prediction are also the basic research methods of geo-tourism. These methods create basic conditions for the study of geo-tourism. Geological tourism involves not only the natural ecological environment, but also the humanistic and social environment. Therefore, in the research, natural science methods (such as monitoring, observing and experimenting on tourism natural resources, cultural relics and historic sites with the help of instruments and equipment) should be combined with social science methods (such as comparative analysis, social investigation, statistical analysis and expert prediction) to make the research results more objective and scientific.