In some periods of the Quaternary, especially in the last glacial period, the sea level dropped by about130-160m, and a land bridge was exposed in the Bering Strait with a water depth of only tens of meters, connecting Northeast Asia and the northwest of America, becoming a natural passage between Asia and the United States. At that time, Northeast Asian hunters who hunted mammoths and deer for a living were likely to follow these animals across the Bering Strait Continental Bridge to America and become the ancestors of ancient American civilizations (including Mayan civilization).
The ancestors of Indians migrated to America not once, but in batches, and then after a long period of continuous migration and promotion, they eventually spread all over America. American Indians are not a unified nation. They entered the United States at different times and had different backgrounds. Influenced by geographical environment and natural conditions, they gradually formed many tribes with different languages, customs and cultures.
Many ancient bones found in South and Central America are older than the oldest bones found in North America, and their physique is more similar to that of Javanese in Southeast Asia. Therefore, some people think that the earliest aborigines may have arrived in Central and South America from Southeast Asia through different sea routes in the South Pacific, and then spread all over the country.
The popular view now is that the aborigines in North America and some Central and South America are descendants of the residents of North Asia who migrated to America through the Bering Strait Continental Bridge, while other aborigines in Central and South America may be descendants of Malays who migrated from the Pacific Islands. Some genetic studies have confirmed the above speculation and found that there are equally unique genetic variations from Siberia to Bolivia and then to Native Americans. They are all over the country along the coastline. Divided into two categories: Australian immigrants and Northeast Asians.
After more than 20 thousand years of differentiation, Indians have produced many different nationalities and languages, among which the widely distributed Indians are the most obvious, resulting in Mayan civilization, Aztec civilization and other famous American civilizations
The extension of Mayan civilization in the classical and post-classical periods extended to the whole states of Chiapas, Tabasco, quintana roo, Campeche and Yucatan in Yucatan Peninsula. The Mayans also expanded the whole northern Central America, including Guatemala, Belize, northern El Salvador and countries in western Honduras today.
Generally, it is divided into three loosely defined areas: the lowlands in the South Pacific, the highlands in the northern lowlands and the Maya areas. Maya Highlands, including all elevations in Guatemala and Chiapas Plateau. The southern lowlands are located in the southern highlands, and part of the country includes the southern coasts of Chiapas, Guatemala, Belize and El Salvador. The northern lowlands cover the whole Yucatan Peninsula, including Yucatan, Campeche and Quintana Roo in Mexico, Peté n Province in Guatemala and Belize. Tabasco and Chiapas, as well as parts of Mexico, are also included in the northern lowlands.
According to the chronology of Central America, Mayan civilization can be divided into three periods:
65438 BC+0500-300 AD: "Pre-classical period"; 300-900 AD: "Classical Period"; 900-16th century: "post-classical period".
Features:
Belonging to the Neolithic civilization, the Mayans didn't have bronzes, let alone ironware (but made pottery and stone tools).
Mastered a high degree of building technology, the Mayans could not use copper and iron, nor could they use unicycles like other Indians. Although the concept of wheel appears in pottery and a small toy, it is not practical in real life. But it has created a high degree of urban civilization.
The building is mainly composed of stepped pyramid altars and limestone. It is not only used in temples and tombs, but also as a measuring and observing tool in astronomy.
Agriculture takes corn as its staple food, so it is also called "corn civilization". There are no cows, horses, pigs or sheep, and there are no traces of animal husbandry. Farmers use a very primitive Milpa farming method (slash-and-burn, also known as fire farming) to grow corn and other crops. Maya not only planted crops, but also hunted.
Mathematics adopts decimal system, and the concept of "zero" is discovered and used (on the other hand, it is Olmec's), and it is used to "hundred million". As we all know, the Earth, Venus and other celestial bodies move regularly. Master a high degree of knowledge of mathematics and astronomical calendar.
Use unique hieroglyphics: Mayan characters.
The calendar system consists of three calendars: the divine calendar, the solar calendar and the long calendar.
Maya civilization is different from the other four civilizations. It did not originate in river basins, but rose in volcanic highlands and dense tropical rainforests.