Since the 20th century, science and technology have developed rapidly, and mathematics has played a very important role in this development. The demand for mathematics in today's society is not only mathematicians, but also a large number of talents who are good at using mathematical knowledge and mathematical thinking methods to solve practical problems. Turning a practical problem into a mathematical problem is called a mathematical model. That is, the main characteristics and relationships of some things in a practical problem are abstracted into mathematical language, which approximately reflects the internal relations and changing process of objective things. The process of establishing mathematical model is called mathematical modeling.

It mainly includes three steps: (1) practical problem-→ mathematical model; (2) Mathematical model → mathematical solution; (3) Solving mathematics → Solving practical problems.

Mathematical models are presented in various forms, some as functions, some as equations, some as graphs, and of course other models.