Sha and Zhang Jian come from different backgrounds, one from a scholarly family and the other from a small family. However, through their unremitting efforts, the two men kept climbing along the steps of the imperial examination. At the same time, being the top scholar will win the world. They all entered the academician courtyard that intellectuals dreamed of at that time. One was awarded editor and the other was appointed editor. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), they bid farewell to the court together and started the road of cooperation and entrepreneurship.

Sha (1864- 1927), alias Jian 'an? Beard is from Rugao, Jiangsu. His father Sha and his mother Sun are both knowledgeable and strict with their children. Sha was eager to learn from an early age. In the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1), the students were enrolled in the college entrance examination, and in the seventeenth year of Guangxu (189 1), they were selected after a rural trial. Sha and Zhang Jian met because "they met the capital at the age of Xu". The first year of Xu was the first year of Chen, that is, the eighteenth year of Guangxu (1892). They all took part in this year's exam, so they "met the capital". As a result, the Chinese style Gong Shi of Sha and Zhang Jian's name fell on the body of "abandoning its experimental tools". In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), they "took the bus again, so they were tried in the same court". After the imperial examination and Sha Yuanbing, Jishi Shu was selected, while Zhang Jian became the top scholar and was awarded to imperial academy as an example. On July 8, Sha returned home; However, Zhang Jian, a six-grade Beijing official, was involved in the party struggle after the emperor and did not return to his hometown until September 17 after his father died. After that, the two became close friends, wrote letters from time to time and took every opportunity to meet. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), when Zhang Jian went to Dongtai, he visited Sha twice, and Sha specially hosted a banquet for him. They also discussed "the practice of music and dance of Tong, Hai, Confucianism and Taihe", and Zhang Jian also wrote a birthday preface and a birthday screen for Sha's parents' 70th birthday.

In March of the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Zhang Jian, who had invested in industry, took a long-delayed vacation in imperial academy. He met with the capital of Saudi Arabia, lived in Huidiange, and participated in the trial of Baohe Hall. After that, they witnessed their mentor, the leader of the Imperial Party and Guo Xiang Weng Tonghe, the hub of the Reform Movement of 1898, being left vacant and returning to their hometown. They are "worried that Beijing and Beijing, the situation in North Korea will change dramatically and foreign invasion is imminent", and they lose confidence. Sha Yuan Bing "returned to China to raise after his second marriage". He left Beijing on June 3rd and returned to the south with Zhang Jian. Zhang Jian laughed at himself: "I studied for 30 years and worked as an official for half a day. My life experience is ridiculous! " After Sha returned to China, he called his study "knowing one" and decided to "study hard and learn to the end". This time, the two abandoned their posts and returned home, full of pride. Since then, they have devoted themselves wholeheartedly to establishing industry and education for the benefit of mulberry trees.

Sand has made indelible contributions to the educational development of Tongzhou and Rugao. Together with Zhang Jian, he set up schools, reformed education, and implemented education to save the country. "Enlighten people's wisdom, resist aggression, seek prosperity, report national humiliation, and prosper China."

Sha participated in the establishment of Tongzhou Normal School. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Jian set up a normal school in Jitong, Rutai and Haishichuo, and attended the meeting in Sha. In late February, Zhang Jian went to Jiangning to persuade Liu Kunyi, governor of Liangjiang, to run a normal school first. One year later, higher and ordinary primary schools were set up in all counties, three years later, middle schools were set up in all governments, five years later, academies were set up in all provinces and universities were set up in the capital. The move was criticized by conservative officials around Liu Kunyi, and Liu Kunyi was too old to make up his mind. So Zhang Jian returned to Tongzhou and founded Tongzhou Normal School himself. On March 19, Sha and others accompanied Zhang Jian to allocate the school site in Jingjiang, west of the city, and finally decided to use the abandoned land of Qianfo Temple outside Haohe in the southeast of the city to build the school. On April 2 1 day, Zhang Jian sent the report on the proposed private normal school in Tongzhou to Sha and others. After negotiation and modification, Sha was sent to Liu Kunyi for approval. May 13, Zhang Jian, Sha, Fan Dangshi, etc. Discuss the specific matters of setting up normal schools and draw up the articles of association of Tongzhou Normal School. 10, Sha and Zhang Jian went to Jiangning to discuss business education at the invitation of Zhang Zhidong, who moved to two rivers, and visited the new school academy to be reformed. After returning to Tongzhou, Sha immediately went to visit Zhang Jian. On April 1 day of the following year, the first private normal school in China was established. Although the average teacher mainly trains primary school teachers, the level of teachers and students is very high. Among the first batch of teachers are Wang Guowei, a famous scholar, and 18 Japanese teachers, all of whom are former scholars. Due to the large number of Jinshi who applied for the imperial examination, the school had to announce that "students don't take juries according to the list". Later, the school opened surveying and mapping, sericulture, agriculture, engineering and other disciplines, and also established engineering classrooms, agronomy classrooms, farms, natural history gardens, weather stations (weather stations) and so on. , beyond the scope of intermediate normal schools, obviously want to develop into colleges and universities.

Sha also participated in the establishment of Tonghai Five Genus Public Middle School (now Nantong Middle School in Jiangsu Province). According to some data, in the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), on March 20th, Sha, as a representative of Rugao, participated in the discussion on the establishment of middle schools convened by Zhang Jian at the Tonghai Wushu School on the Haohe River outside the south gate of Tongzhou. The meeting put forward six activities: naming, school site, school building, quota, fund-raising and preparation. After the meeting, the discussion summary of Tonghai five-genus public middle school was formed, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Tonghai five-genus public middle school.

Almost at the same time, in September of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Sha founded Rugao Public Simple Normal School, Class B Commercial School and other new schools. At the beginning of Rugao Public Simple Normal School, Sha served as Prime Minister and Deputy Director. The school site also used almost abandoned temples, namely Nandongyue Temple and Changsheng Temple, and the statues were removed from the temples. The following year, the attached middle school normal school. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), an affiliated higher primary school was established. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), a middle school was also established, which was renamed "Rugao Primary Normal School and Class 2 Primary School Attached to the Middle School". 19 12 was renamed Rugao Normal School. In running a school, Sha takes "emphasizing the whole" as the purpose of running a school and "sincerity and honesty" as the style of study. In the process of establishing the school, Sha was full of enthusiasm and went all out to invite famous people such as Zhang Jian and Li to discuss the plan of running the school. He traveled around, surveyed the school site, raised funds, planned the school building and hired teachers, which can be said to be hands-on. After the school building was completed in the 29th year of Guangxu (190 3), there were 65,438 buildings and bungalows, and classrooms, auditoriums, platforms, canteens and playgrounds could meet the needs. In terms of teacher construction, Sha has recruited more than 10 talents from Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei and other places, regardless of their relatives and friends. Suffering from the lack of teachers in physics, chemistry, pedagogy and foreign historical geography, he appointed Zhang Fan, a co-organizer, to inspect the normal education in Japan after the Meiji Restoration and hired Japanese teachers. At the same time, teachers Ren, Jiang and student Zou Tumian were sent to study in Japan and returned to school to teach. Teaching reform. Sha asked the teachers to study the teaching materials, prepare lessons carefully, adopt practical teaching methods according to the subject, and do a good job in pre-class preparation, classroom exercises and after-class review, reflecting the teaching characteristics of Rugao Normal School. "Your students should be able to teach properly when studying." . In the teaching reform, pay attention to the construction of teaching materials. Sha advocates compiling textbooks or adding, deleting and modifying the original textbooks. No matter editing or revising textbooks, he advocates "combining Chinese and western, stressing practical results". Courses offered at that time, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural history, foreign history, foreign geography, education, physical education, etc. , a new course, accounting for more than half of the total class hours; The course "Teaching and Reading Classics" was a compulsory course at first, then it was changed into an elective course, and then only a few chapters were arranged in the Chinese class. Sha advocates learning advanced western science and technology to save the country and training "seeking truth from facts" professionals. Sha pays special attention to science, technology and practice in the process of running a school. He imitated Japan's practice of establishing three education systems: ordinary school, normal school and industrial school to refresh education. First, he attached a middle school and a surveying and mapping course to Rugao Normal School, and then he founded Rugao Second-class Industrial School and Rugao Second-class Commercial School. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), Rugao public higher primary school hall was changed to Rugao normal college hall, providing practice places for normal students. Three years later, the affiliated higher primary school hall was expanded into the affiliated second-class primary school hall. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Zhang Jian was invited by Sun and Lingsha of Rugao County to give lectures at Rugao High School. Zhang Jian said: "The schools north of the Yangtze River are the first batch and the easiest to enter. Rugao has no health hall to promote. How did this happen? The size of the school is slightly smaller than that of children, but it is beyond Yang's reach. Congratulations! " And spoke highly of Sha's outstanding contribution in education.

In the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905), in order to promote education, the local autonomous organization of Tonghai Wushu Academic Affairs Office was established as an office to promote new education as a whole. Sha, Zhang Jian and Sun are the speakers, 13 (5 in Tongzhou and Jinghai, 3 in Haimen and Rugao, and 2 in Taixing). After the establishment of Tonghai Wushu School Office, it carried out fruitful work: "Tongzhou Jinsha, Rugao, Shizhuang Primary School and Taixing High School were destroyed by fools and maintained"; Many middle schools and primary schools have been established in various places. "First, five primary schools have been established in Tongzhou, with an annual increase of nine"; In September, the Qing court abolished the imperial examination, "so the method should be unified curriculum, comprehensive nuclear teaching method and the establishment of primary school investigators". It is particularly worth mentioning that in the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), on March 20th, Zhang Jian invited forty gentry to discuss the establishment of a public middle school in Tonghai Martial Arts School, and Sha attended the meeting. At the meeting, six major issues, such as school name, school site, school building, quota, fund-raising and preparation, were discussed, and the document Minutes of the Meeting of the Fifth Affiliated Middle School of Tonghai was formed. Since then, two meetings have been held around the issue of running schools. In August of that year, the school building started; Guangxu thirty-four years (1908), completed in December; Xuantong Yuannian (1909) officially opened on February 16. As a result, the first middle school in Nantong history was born, which is the predecessor of Nantong Middle School in Jiangsu Province.

As a like-minded good friend of Zhang Jian, Sha actively supported Zhang Jian's feat of "giving his life to feed the tiger" and established an industry. In addition to investing in some of Zhang Jian's industries, he also directly cooperated with Zhang Jian to establish industries and even presided over the business activities of the industries.

Sha and Zhang Jian co-founded Dada Inland Shipping Company. The motion of establishing Dada inland shipping company originated in the 26th year of Guangxu (1900). At that time, Sheng Da cotton mill had been built, and other enterprises were established one after another. "Private ships are transshipped late, and there are many loopholes. It is difficult to help the factory and it is necessary to buy a boat to tow." In the first month of that year, Zhang Jian met Zhu, a Zhejiang native who founded Yongan Steamship Company in Shanghai, and offered to rent his ferry "Ji 'an" and renamed it "Sheng Da" to highlight the symbol of the cotton mill. Passengers are allowed because of the low rent. Seeing that it was profitable, Zhu proposed a joint venture in Shanghai, with a total share of12,000 yuan and a Shanghai share of 20,000 yuan, and Zhu was responsible for the management. Since then, Shengda has sailed in Tongzhou, Haimen, Changshu and Shanghai. However, there was a dispute at the beginning of the cooperation between Shanghai and Hong Kong. Two years later, Tongzhou shareholders did not see any stock or any accounts. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Jian wrote in his diary on April 16th that "the boat was narrated", which was probably the beginning of his own business. In May of the following year, Zhang Jian and Sha "discussed the share capital and established Dada Inland River Ferry Company" at Tangjiazha Chuanbei Bridge, re-subscribed 26,000 yuan, revised the articles of association and actually went through the formalities. Since then, it has nothing to do with Zhu. Founded as Tongzhou Dada Ferry Company, it was later renamed Dada Inland Shipping Company. The original planned paid-in capital was 402,000 yuan, but the paid-in capital was less than1.2000 yuan, of which Sheng Da Cotton Mill contributed1.8500 yuan. Zhang Jian is the prime minister of the company, and the first manager Gu Tunxi died only a few months ago, that is, Sha is the manager. In the process of opening inland river routes, the company was blocked by salt transporters and salt merchants in every way. In particular, the company directly conflicts with the interests of the wooden boat transportation industry controlled by salt officials and salt merchants. The wooden boat carrier is afraid that the boat will replace the wooden boat and affect his special rights, so the boat will collide with the wooden boat when using the narrow river. Raising water waves will cause the riverbank to collapse and block the canal; Mars in the small chimney will cause the grass boat to catch fire; Because the ash on the wheel will pollute drinking water and other reasons, it has been opposed by salt transporters and Changzhen Road. Zhang Jian once said indignantly that they put "fire, water, thieves, epidemics and all major disasters in the world" in the prison on the ferry and suppressed them in many ways. "After argument and many twists and turns, I finally got the support of the Governor of Liangjiang. At present, the company has six ferries: Dahuai, Hu Da, Dajiang, Dahe, Dahai and Datai. Guangxu thirty years (1904), sailing in Tongzhou, Rugao, Taizhou and Yangzhou. East Road includes Tongzhou, Jinsha, Yudong, Yuxi and Lvsi. In its heyday, the company owned 20 motorboats and 65,438+04 tugboats, opened 65,438+00 routes and called at 56 docks along the way.

Sha and Zhang Jian co-founded Guangsheng Oil Plant. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), Sheng Xuanhuai Huasheng Cotton Mill planned to set up a ginning factory and an oil press factory with foreign investors in Tongzhou and Haimen respectively. Wei Guangtao, Minister of Nanyang, thought this was a violation of the agreement, so he ordered Sheng Xuanhuai not to co-organize with foreign businessmen and asked him to set up an oil mill in Sheng Da cotton mill. On March 2 1 the following year, Sha came to the cotton mill to discuss with Zhang Jian about opening an oil factory. Through negotiation between Huasheng and Sheng Da, the price of purchasing the oil press is 1.2 million, and both parties agree to establish Guangsheng Oil Plant in Tangjiazha. According to the preliminary calculation, * * * needs 52,000 taels of capital, in addition to the 5,000 taels approved by both parties, it also needs to recruit new shares. This is because Sha Yuanbing "helps colleagues recruit and arrange meals"; And decided that "the person who manages the important affairs of the factory" should be "appointed by Tongchang and Sha () editors at their discretion". Sha began to be responsible for the preparation of Guangsheng Oil Plant. After that, it was invested and built by Sheng Da Cotton Mill on the basis of issuing shares, and it was completed and started in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). Guangsheng Oil Plant is led by Sha, assisted by zhangyan and Zhang Jian. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Watson gave all his shares to Sheng Da, and Sheng Da contributed 52,000 yuan. Guangsheng Oil Factory uses cotton seeds ginned by Sheng Da Cotton Mill as raw materials, and its products are mainly cotton oil and cotton cakes. Due to the strong seasonality of cotton oil production and the small scale of production, it is easy to cause losses, so an east factory was built in the east of the original factory and more machinery and equipment were purchased. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), the first shareholders' meeting decided to continue to increase capital and prepare a new machine. At that time, the share capital reached 2 1.3 million. Later, capital was increased one after another, to 19 14, and the capital has reached more than 302,000. 192 1 year later, due to poor capital turnover, it was maintained by the financial department twice, and finally the Shanghai Bank lent money separately to supervise the accounts.

Sha, Zhang Jian and others also participated in the recovery and operation movement of Jiangsu railway. "Since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, outsiders have been spying on China's urgent need, and the strategy of aggression takes railways as the first priority", which cannot but shock the Chinese people, and the emerging national bourgeoisie is particularly worried about competing for the domestic market. Among them, "the construction of Shanghai-Nanjing Road began in Sheng Xuanhuai, and it borrowed 3.25 million pounds from Britain in 50 years", "and this huge waste of money does not exist, especially for China to cut its sovereignty and lay a solid foundation for outsiders." . In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), construction started in Britain, which caused great indignation and protests from local people. The following autumn, formed the climax of the struggle. September and 10, Zhang Jian, Wang, etc. Zhou Fu, Governor of the Ministry of Commerce and the two rivers, submitted "Talking about Shanghai-Nanjing Road", complaining about the harm caused by the loss of rights, and opposing Sheng Xuanhuai's selling of railway sovereignty to British banking companies (that is, Sino-British companies), saying that "if you want to ask for recovery, you must hold hands from the hook" to comprehensively check the road administration one by one and eliminate the long-standing disadvantages. "Zhang Jian, the second supervisor, also advocated that the Sioux raise the subgrade land price by 250,000 pounds to reduce borrowing and recover some sovereignty (land rights), hoping to redeem the right of way as soon as possible. In the telegram sent by Zhang Jian and others to Huang Shen, the first-class consultant of the Ministry of Commerce, he told him that "Tianjin-Zhenjiang Railway is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province and is to be financed by local authorities", and asked him to state clearly whether the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway will be redeemed with official funds, and how to protect the local sovereignty of Jiangsu Province. In this struggle led by Zhang Jian, Sha resolutely stood on Zhang Jian's side and fought side by side.

Sha appreciates and actively supports Zhang Jian's cultural undertakings. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Zhang Jian established a library by using the former site of Yuemiao Temple in Nantong. The scale is quite large, "silver is 26,243 yuan per year, which is more than 2,400 yuan per year", "there are 20 book buildings, 5 book exposure platforms, 8 reading rooms upstairs and downstairs 12, two corridors 10, 6 Taoist temples up and down, 3 banquet kiosks, general affairs, porters, kitchen and toilet/. After the library was completed, Sha served as the curator. Zhang Jian founded the Gong Ling Society and invited Mei Lanfang and Ou Yangyuqian to train drama talents for Nantong. Sha Yuan Bing is very supportive of me. In his Preface to the Poems of Meiou Pavilion, he said, "Meiou is a junior two student, and musicians are great workers. "Sian was founded in Nantong, extended by Ouyang, and recruited Meishengge, from each according to his ability. Since the square was opened, it was thunderous and full of praise, and it was mostly in poetry. It is very grateful.

Sha loves his hometown Rugao deeply. He said, "I am a member of the Huaihe River Committee, in the south of the Yangtze River and in the northeast sea, so it is a meeting of transportation", "soil, water and fertile fields, double the cultivation and double the income"; He is determined that through hard work, "if you start again, you should start again, gain a firm foothold, be kind to its groups, enrich its strength, enrich its wealth, learn from it and accept all laws"; He thinks that "one day, some people in Baili County can't get up and fight for the best in the world"? In Rugao, Sha is single-minded and hardworking. Apart from his old friend Zhang Jian, he seldom associates with literati. "When the mailbox of a contemporary official or doctor arrives, there is often no answer." "I have known my surname all my life, and I have always been a village cloth and a variety of students." Sha Yuanbing in Rugao, like Zhang Jian in Tongzhou and Haimen, worked hard and did almost anything beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood. He initiated and financed the establishment of Guangfeng Healing Leg Company, Guangsheng Dezhong Pharmacy, Ding Feng Mill, Yuru Qianzhuang and Gaoming Electric Company, presided over the establishment of Rugao Public Hospital, and served as honorary president of the County Chinese Medicine Association and president of Rugao Medical Research Association. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Sha was promoted to be the chief of Rugao Industrial and Commercial Section. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Sha supported the revolutionary army economically. After Rugao's recovery, Sha became the county's civil affairs director. 19 13, Sha was elected as the Speaker of Jiangsu Province. Soon, Sha resigned on the grounds that "he was ill and self-examined, which was definitely not enough for his post". He believes that "the suffering of the world is greater than that of officials who only occupy their names and do nothing", while "legislators entrust people from 60 counties in the north, south and north of the Yangtze River to express their intentions; The speaker of parliament is also the first thought of hundreds of monarchs in Congress. " He doesn't want to delay the activity because of himself. 19 14 president of sharen county water conservancy association and director of obstacle clearing bureau. 19 15 presided over the compilation of Rugao county annals and the mapping of Rugao county. During his illness, he also called his friend and assistant Kim to "sit on the sofa and discuss writing". However, Rugao county annals are "timeless, so they hold a grudge to the end". "Although in a hurry, don't waste the chanting of Sha Yuanbing. In "Local Literature", there is Qin's exposition. In his later years, he explored the internal classics (Buddhist scriptures) and practiced pure business. " 192765438+1After his death on October 29th, his posthumous work was edited into Poems of Zhiyitang by disciples Xiang and Yao Zuzhao.

Sha and Zhang Jian have a deep friendship. They often get together and have many poems to sing together. Sha's medical skill is very clever, and he can be called a generation of famous doctors. Zhang Jian will come when invited. For example, from 1920, the condition of Shen Shou, an embroidery artist, deteriorated until his death on May 3rd. There are many records in Zhang Jian's Diary that Sha was invited by Zhang Jian to treat Shen Shou. Before Zhang Jian died, Sha also tried his best to save this lifelong friend.