Unit key grabbing

sequence

one

single

Yuan dynasty (1206- 1368)

1. The essence and basic functions of money; Money and wealth; The essence of foreign exchange and exchange rate (1) currency is universal equivalence.

(2) The basic functions of money: the measure of value and the means of circulation.

(3) The meaning and distribution of paper money, inflation and deflation.

(4) Foreign exchange is a means of payment for international settlement expressed in foreign currency; The exchange rate is the exchange rate between two currencies. (Performance of foreign currency exchange rate rise and fall)

2. Factors affecting the price; The impact of price changes on producers, consumers and demand; The basic content and manifestation of the law of value

(1) Relationship between price and value

(2) The relationship between supply and demand affects commodity prices. When the supply of goods exceeds the demand, the price falls; When demand exceeds supply, prices rise). Value determines price. The greater the value of goods, the higher the price, on the contrary, the lower the price.

(3) Law of Value ① Basic content: The value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing commodities, and the exchange of commodities is based on value. (2) Manifestation: Affected by the relationship between supply and demand, commodity prices fluctuate around value, which is the manifestation of the law of value. The value of goods is directly proportional to the socially necessary labor time, and the socially necessary labor time is inversely proportional to the social labor productivity. )

(3) The impact of price changes on life: ① The impact of price changes on demand; ② Different commodities have different responses to price changes. (necessities of life, high-grade durable goods) 3. When the price of a commodity rises, the demand for its substitutes will increase, while the demand for supplementary commodities will decrease.

The influence of price change on production: ① adjust production; ② Improve labor productivity; (3) produce marketable quality products.

3. The influence of consumer psychology on consumer behavior, and the relationship between changes in consumption structure and living standards; Establish a correct view of consumption; The relationship between production and consumption (1) Consumer psychology is one of the subjective factors affecting consumption. (conformity psychology, difference psychology, comparison psychology, truth-seeking psychology)

(2) Engel's coefficient is too large, which affects other consumption expenditures, especially the increase of development materials and enjoyment materials. The decline of Engel's coefficient shows that people's living standards have improved and the consumption structure has improved.

(3) Correct consumption concept: live within our means and consume moderately; Avoid blind obedience and rational consumption; Environmental protection and green consumption; Diligence and thrift, hard work.

(4) The relationship between production and consumption ① Production determines consumption (determines the object, mode, quality and level of consumption, and creates power for consumption) ② Consumption plays an important counter-effect on production (consumption is the purpose of production, regulates production, is the power of production, creates new labor force, and improves the quality and enthusiasm of labor force).

sequence

two

single

Yuan dynasty (1206- 1368)

1. The main embodiment of the dominant position of public ownership and the leading role of state-owned economy; The necessity of the development of multi-ownership economy. The embodiment of the dominant position of public ownership: public assets occupy a dominant position in the total social assets (quantity advantage, quality improvement). The state-owned economy controls the lifeline of the national economy and plays a leading role in economic development (mainly reflected in control).

The embodiment of the leading role of state-owned economy;

The necessity of synchronous development of multi-ownership economy: to adapt to the unbalanced and multi-level development of productive forces in the primary stage of socialism and meet the essential requirements of socialism. It is conducive to promoting the development of productive forces, enhancing comprehensive national strength and improving people's living standards.

2. The main factors of the company's success. Enterprise merger and bankruptcy.

(1) The main factors of the company's successful operation ① Formulating the correct business strategy; (2) Relying on technological progress and scientific management, improve the ability of independent innovation and form their own competitive advantage; (3) operate in good faith and establish a good reputation and corporate image.

In addition, establishing and perfecting the modern enterprise system, raising development funds through multiple channels, carrying out mergers and strong alliances, improving the quality of operators and optimizing the organizational structure are also important factors affecting the success or failure of the company's operation. )

(2) Business combination is the combination of superior enterprises and inferior enterprises; Role: expand the scale of advantageous enterprises and enhance their strength; Develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and improve the resource utilization efficiency of enterprises and the whole society.

Enterprise bankruptcy is a long-term loss, insolvent and hopeless enterprise, and bankruptcy liquidation shall be carried out according to legal procedures; Function: it is beneficial to strengthen the risk awareness of enterprises; Eliminating backward enterprises in time is conducive to the rational allocation of social resources and the rational adjustment of industrial structure.

3. Correct outlook on job selection and employment; Safeguard the rights and interests of workers. (1) Correct concept of employment: Workers should carry forward the spirit of hard work and self-improvement and establish correct concept of employment: independent employment, competitive employment, occupational equality and employment in various ways.

(2) Protecting workers' rights and interests is the essential requirement of socialism. These rights are the premise of ensuring the status of workers as masters; It is a guarantee to fully mobilize and give play to the enthusiasm and creativity of workers.

Workers enjoy rights under the premise of fulfilling their obligations; Laborers should enhance their rights and legal awareness.

4. The characteristics of savings deposits, stocks, bonds and commercial insurance. Demand deposit: flexible deposit and withdrawal period, quantity and frequency, low income.

Time deposit: fixed deposit period, long deposit period, high interest rate and high income.

Stocks: High risks and high returns coexist.

Bond: a reliable investment.

The way to avoid risks.

sequence

three

single

Yuan dynasty (1206- 1368)

1. China's distribution system and its basis; Fairness of income distribution and its realization: dealing with the relationship between efficiency and fairness.

(1) The basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together will inevitably implement the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting. (Public ownership of means of production is the premise of implementing distribution according to work, and the level of productivity development under socialist public ownership is the material basis of implementing distribution according to work; The nature and characteristics of people's labor under socialist conditions are the direct reasons for implementing distribution according to work.

(2) Fair income distribution, that is, the income gap between members of society should not be too big, and people's basic needs should be guaranteed.

Fair income distribution helps to coordinate people's economic interests and realize economic development and social harmony.

Ways: ① Insist on and improve the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting; (2) ensure that residents' income accounts for a reasonable proportion in the national income distribution and labor remuneration accounts for a reasonable proportion in the secondary distribution; ③ Redistribution pays more attention to fairness.

(3) the relationship between efficiency and fairness: efficiency is the material premise of fairness; Fairness is the guarantee of improving efficiency.

Primary distribution and redistribution should not only improve efficiency, but also promote fairness.

Dealing with the relationship between efficiency and fairness is not only conducive to promoting economic development, but also conducive to maintaining social stability.

2. The important role of finance. The role of finance: ① promoting social equity and improving the material security of people's lives; ② Promote the rational allocation of resources; ③ Promote the smooth operation of the national economy.

3. The role of taxation; Establish taxpayer consciousness. (1) The role of taxation: taxation is the most important source of fiscal revenue; Provide material guarantee for the existence of the country and the development of society. Personal income tax is also an effective means to adjust personal income distribution and realize social equity. )

(2) Paying taxes according to law is the basic obligation of citizens. Citizens should pay attention to the collection and use of state taxes with a positive attitude, and criticize and report corruption and waste of state assets.

sequence

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Yuan 1. Market allocation of resources; Basic characteristics of socialist market economy.

(1) Planning and market are two basic means of resource allocation.

Advantages of market allocation of resources: timely and flexibly reflect the changes of market supply and demand, transmit supply and demand information, and realize resource allocation, thus promoting the progress of science and technology and management and improving labor productivity.

There are some disadvantages in market supervision, such as spontaneity, blindness and lag.

(2) Characteristics of socialist market economy: (1) Adhere to the dominant position of public ownership; (2) take * * and prosperity as the fundamental goal; ③ Strong macro-control can be implemented.

2. The necessity of macro-control and the significance, objectives and means of national macro-control.

Macro-control refers to the state's regulation of the national economy through various means.

Necessity: relying solely on market regulation will lead to inefficient resource allocation and waste of resources; Social and economic instability, economic fluctuation and economic chaos; Unfair income distribution, widening income gap and even polarization.

Strengthening macro-control is the inherent requirement of socialist market economy, which is determined by the socialist nature of our country and the requirements of socialist public ownership and prosperity.

Objective: To promote economic growth, increase employment, stabilize prices and maintain the balance of payments.

Means: economic means, legal means and administrative means.

3. The sustained and coordinated development of Scientific Outlook on Development and economy.

(1) To achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we must thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development.

Scientific Outlook on Development's first priority is development; The core is people-oriented; The basic requirements are comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable; The fundamental method is to make overall plans.

(2) Promote the sound and rapid development of the national economy ① Improve the ability of independent innovation, build an innovative country ② Accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure ③ Coordinate urban and rural development, promote the construction of a new socialist countryside ④ Strengthen energy and resource conservation and ecological environment protection, enhance the ability of sustainable development ⑤ Promote coordinated regional development and narrow the regional development gap.

4. The influence of economic globalization; Opening to the outside world; The strategy of combining "bringing in" and "going out" (1) Economic globalization is the product of the development of productive forces, which in turn promotes the development of productive forces. At present, economic globalization is essentially dominated by developed capitalist countries, which makes the world economy more unbalanced and polarized. )

(2) It links the economies of all countries in the world. The economic fluctuation of one country may damage other countries, even affect the world, aggravate the instability of the global economy, and pose a great threat to the economic security of developing countries in particular.

(2) Improve the level of open economy: "Bring in and go out".

Introduction: Under the new situation, we should innovate the way of utilizing foreign capital, optimize the structure of utilizing foreign capital and give full play to the positive role of foreign capital.

Going out: encourage and support enterprises of various ownership systems with comparative advantages to invest abroad, promote the export of goods and services, and form a number of powerful multinational enterprises and well-known brands; Actively participate in regional economic exchanges and cooperation.