The basic tasks of primary school mathematics education include (1) taking the cultivation of mathematics literacy as the basic pursuit, that is, promoting students' lifelong sustainable development as the basic starting point of school mathematics education, and positioning primary school mathematics education as: not pursuing the cultivation of all children into great mathematicians, but cultivating their most basic mathematics literacy. The basic connotation of mathematical literacy includes making students understand the value of mathematics, having confidence in their own mathematical ability, having the ability to solve practical mathematical problems, learning mathematical communication and learning mathematical thinking methods. The basic characteristics of mathematical literacy include development, process and practicality; (2) The basic goal is to develop mathematical thinking ability, including observation and comparison, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization, judgment and reasoning.