Fallacy is a Chinese word, and pinyin is miù lùn, which refers to absurd and wrong remarks. It is a complete fallacy to say that reading is useless. "History of Criminal Law in Han Dynasty" says: "The husband is filial and knowledgeable, but there are still criminal fallacies and the situation is mediocre."

The difference between fallacy and paradox is that fallacy is a statement that does not conform to logical thinking and an assertion that logic wants to refute. Paradox is not. Paradox refers to the conclusion that is impossible in reality because of using contradictory assumptions as substitutes in logic. The paradox of set in mathematics is caused by the too broad definition of set and the contradictory items being added to the same set.

The fallacy of broken windows was summed up by Bastiat, a French economist in the19th century (some people think it is a metaphor of hazlitt scholars) as the object of criticism. See his famous work Visible and Invisible. The following is a translation of this paragraph:

Have you ever seen this kind shopkeeper, Mr James sumner, angry? At that time, his careless son accidentally broke a window glass. If you are on such an occasion, I'm afraid you will see such a scene. Everyone who watches and sees this situation will invariably comfort this unfortunate shopkeeper: "No matter what unfortunate things happen, there will always be people in the world who will benefit. Everyone has to live. If the glass is not broken, there is no need for glassworkers. "