Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research. It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods and scientific methods, such as talks, questionnaires, case studies, tests, etc., to have a planned, thorough and systematic understanding of educational phenomena, and to analyze, synthesize, compare and summarize a large number of data collected through investigation, thus providing people with regular knowledge.

Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect data in the form of written questions, that is, investigators prepare forms for survey items, distribute or mail them to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in answers, and then recycle, sort out, count and study them.

Observation method

Observation method refers to a method in which researchers use their own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the research object according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and investigations, observation has the following functions: ① Expanding people's perceptual knowledge. 2 inspire people's thinking. (3) lead to new discoveries.

experimental method

Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main characteristics are: first, initiative and innovation. Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. However, experiments need to actively manipulate experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of objects, and make them obey the needs of scientific understanding. Second, control. Scientific experiments require that according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated, so that the research object can be understood in a simplified and purified state. Third, causality. Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things.

Literature research methods

Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to certain research purposes or topics, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and master the problems to be studied. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are as follows: ① It can understand the history and present situation of related problems and help to determine the research topic. ② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit. ③ Contrast data of real data can be obtained. (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.

Empirical research methods

Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of the existing scientific theory and practice, it puts forward the design, uses scientific instruments and equipment, observes, records and measures the changes of accompanying phenomena, and manipulates purposefully and step by step under natural conditions to determine the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.

Quantitative analysis method

In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people know the research object more accurately, so as to reveal the law more scientifically, grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.

Qualitative analysis method

Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, the method of induction and deduction, analysis, synthesis and abstract generalization is used to process the obtained materials, so as to get rid of the rough, get rid of the false and keep the true, understand the essence of things and reveal their internal laws.

Interdisciplinary research methods

The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method". The law of scientific development movement shows that science is highly integrated in high differentiation and forms a unified whole. According to the statistics of relevant experts, there are more than 2,000 disciplines in the world, and the trend of differentiation between disciplines is still intensifying. At the same time, the links between disciplines are getting closer and closer, and there is a unified trend in language, methods and some concepts.

Case study method

Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process. There are three basic types of case studies: (1) personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group investigation, that is, investigation and study of an organization or group; (3) problem investigation, that is, to investigate and study a phenomenon or problem.

Functional analysis method

Functional analysis is a method used by social science to analyze social phenomena, and it is also one of the commonly used analytical methods in social investigation. It explains social phenomena by explaining how social phenomena meet the needs of a social system (that is, what functions they have).

Quantitative research methods

Quantitative research method, also known as "statistical analysis method" and "quantitative analysis method", refers to a research method to understand and reveal the interrelationship, changing law and development trend of things through the analysis of the quantitative relationship of the scale, speed, scope and degree of the research object, so as to achieve the correct explanation and prediction of things.

Simulation method (model method)

Simulation method is to create a similar model according to the main characteristics of the prototype, and then indirectly study the description method of the prototype through the model. According to the similarity between model and prototype, simulation methods can be divided into physical simulation and mathematical simulation.

Exploratory research method

Exploratory research is a high-level scientific research activity. It uses known information to explore and create new knowledge and produce novel and unique results or products.

Information research methods

Information research method is a scientific research method using the functions of information research system. Weiner, an American mathematics, communication engineer and physiologist, believes that there is a universal connection in the objective world, that is, information connection. At present, in the new era of "information revolution", there are a lot of information resources that can be developed and utilized. According to the principles of information theory, system theory and cybernetics, information theory method obtains knowledge through information collection, transmission, processing and sorting, and applies it to practice to achieve new goals. Information method is a new scientific research method, which uses the function of information research system to reveal the deeper laws of things and help people improve and master the ability to use the laws.

Experience summary method

Experience summary method is a method to make it systematic and theoretical by summarizing and analyzing the specific situation in practical activities, and to rise to experience. Summarizing and popularizing advanced experience is one of the more effective leadership methods used for a long time in human history.

Descriptive research methods

Descriptive research method is a simple research method, which describes and explains the existing phenomena, laws and theories through its own understanding and verification. It is a general description of various theories, and more is to explain other people's arguments, but it is essential in scientific research. You can ask questions, reveal disadvantages, describe phenomena and introduce experiences, which is conducive to popularization. There are many examples and investigations that reveal various situations. A description of the actual problem; There are also views on some status quo.

Mathematical method

Mathematical method is to use mathematical tools to process a series of quantities of the research object without abandoning all other characteristics of the research object, so as to make correct explanations and judgments and get the results expressed in digital form. The object of scientific research is the unity of quality and quantity. Their quality and quantity are closely related, and qualitative change and quantitative change restrict each other. To achieve a real scientific understanding, we should not only study the qualitative stipulation, but also pay attention to the investigation and analysis of their quantity, so as to understand the essential characteristics of the research object more accurately. Mathematical methods mainly include statistical processing and fuzzy mathematical analysis.

Thinking method

Thinking method is an important tool for people to think correctly and express their thoughts accurately. The most commonly used scientific thinking methods in scientific research include induction and deduction, analogical reasoning, abstract generalization, speculative imagination, analysis and synthesis, etc. It has universal guiding significance for all scientific research.

Systematic scientific method

In the 20th century, the rapid development of horizontal science such as system theory, cybernetics and information theory provided powerful means for the development of comprehensive thinking mode and the improvement of scientific research methods. The system science method represented by system theory method, cybernetics method and information theory method provides a powerful subjective means for human scientific understanding. It not only breaks through the limitations of traditional methods, but also profoundly changes the system of scientific methodology. These new methods can be used not only as empirical methods, as methods to obtain perceptual materials, but also as theoretical methods to analyze the rise of perceptual materials to rational knowledge, and the latter plays a more obvious role than the former. They are suitable for all stages of scientific understanding, so we call them systematic scientific methods.

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