Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Born in an official family, he was a scholar at the age of 2/kloc-0. He and Liu Yuxi joined the Wang Group, which advocated innovation, and served as ministers of the Ministry of Rites. History is called "Eight Sima Incident". During his long exile, Liu Zongyuan became close to the people and his thoughts changed greatly. Later, he was appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so later generations also called Liu Liuzhou. In literature, he and Han Yu jointly advocated the ancient prose movement and were called "Liu Han". His literary proposition is "paying equal attention to literature and Taoism", emphasizing that travel notes and fables are the best literary achievements. His masterpiece Eight Chapters of Yongzhou is full of feelings and scenes. His fables are short and pithy, with far-reaching significance. The Three Commandments is an influential masterpiece. Liu Zongyuan's achievements in poetry creation are mainly reflected in his landscape poems. His poems are different from other people's pastoral poems, but they express his dissatisfaction with the real society and his own unfortunate sigh. He is very philosophical. Yin He's "punishing evil and promoting good" attacked the popular thought of karma at that time. However, they compromised Buddhism and advocated the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, such as the Collection of Mr. Hedong.
Li Bai (70 1-762), alias Qinglian layman, was born in Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) and was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was smart and knowledgeable since he was a child, with a wide range of interests. At the age of 26, he left his parents and traveled all over the country, covering half of China. Recommended by Taoist wujun, he went to Chang 'an to worship the Hanlin. In less than three years, Li Bai began his wandering career again because he felt that political affairs were corrupt. He stayed in his later years and died in Dangtu (now Anhui). Li Bai's poems (such as Shu Dao Nan and Meng Deng Tian Mu Shan). ) vigorous and unrestrained, the language is natural and lively, reaching the realm of "clear water gives hibiscus, natural carving". His thoughts not only have the positive spirit of Confucianism, but also have the freedom to express feelings of Taoism, mixed with the thoughts of rangers. Including Li Taibai, Li Bai has more than 900 poems. In the picture, Li Bai, dressed in white, stood alone by the river, watching the distant shadow of the solitary sail gradually disappear, detached and elegant, as if brewing a poem.
Du Fu (7 12—770), a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province, was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Wandering around in his early years. He used to be Yuan Wailang of the Inspection Engineering Department, so he was called "Du Gongbu" internationally. Du Fu suffered a lot all his life and lived in extreme poverty in his later years. Most of Du Fu's poems reflect the sufferings of the lower classes. His poems express personal feelings, which are often closely combined with the disadvantages of the times, with profound thoughts and broad boundaries. They have strong social practical significance and profoundly reflect the characteristics of the times, and are called "the history of poetry" by later generations. His poems draw lessons from predecessors in art and form a unique style of depression and frustration. There are more than 1400 poems by Du Fu, including Chunwang, Northern Expedition, Er 'erdao, San Guan (Tongguan Guan, Xin 'an Guan and Shi Haoguan) and San Bie (newly married, resigned and homeless). The existing Du Gongbu collection. In the picture, Du Fu is dressed simply, sitting on the stone of Taihu Lake and writing thoughtfully. The picture highlights the description of Du Fu's face, facial wrinkles and eyes. Several wrinkles buried Du Fu's misfortune. Gloomy eyes reveal how you feel about the world when you are hurt.
Han Yu (768-842) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now south of Mengxian County, Henan Province). Because its county looks at Changli, it calls itself "Changli Hanyu", so later people call it Hanchangli. He used to be an assistant minister of punishments and an assistant minister of official departments. He strongly advocated Confucianism in order to inherit Confucian orthodoxy. Resolutely oppose Buddhism and Taoism, and oppose the separatist regime in the buffer region. In literature, he opposed the writing style of the Six Dynasties and advocated restoring the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. His writing is full of vitality, thoroughness, logic and emotion. He was honored as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are unique and novel. Mr. Changli's works are available. On the screen, Han Yu's take-off band stands upright, showing a solemn and upright image.
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was born in Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). He was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan advocated the ancient prose movement, and his poems and essays are all famous works reflecting reality. As an independent literary form, allegorical sketches are Liu Zongyuan's innovation. Among them, the representative works such as Three Commandments are short and pithy, with profound implications, sharp language and strict style. Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes are particularly prominent, with beautiful and fresh writing, detailed and vivid description of the scenery and extremely poetic. His masterpiece "Eight Records of Yongzhou" has a great influence on later generations. Liu Zongyuan is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and he has the existing Liuhe Dongji. The picture reflects the image that Liu Zongyuan was exiled to the south stream to write poems because he participated in the innovation movement of Wang and others.
Su Shi (1037—110/) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). Father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe are both famous essayists. In the second year of Song Renzong Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar, with a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, imperial edict and history of rites. Wang Anshi was demoted because he wrote a letter arguing the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's new law and stabbed it with poetry. Chasing Wen Zhong after death. Literary leader and master in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is arbitrary, his poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and vigorous, and he is unique in using exaggeration and metaphor. His words are bold and unconstrained, and he is also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji, including The Complete Works of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu.
Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was born in Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). The word uncle Yong, drunk Weng, sixty-one layman. Song Renzong Tiansheng eight years Jinshi (1030). In the fifth year of Jiayou (1060), he paid tribute to the Deputy Special Envoy of the Senate. The following year, he was appointed to participate in political affairs. Later, he successively served as the minister of punishments and the minister of war. In June of the fourth year of Xining (107 1), he resigned as Prince Shao Shi and lived in Yingzhou. A pawn is Wen Zhong.
Ouyang Xiu read widely all his life, and his articles were the best in the world. He is well versed in literature and history, and has made great contributions to the reform of writing style in Song Dynasty, ranking among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Ouyang Xiu also made great achievements in historiography. Together with Song Qi and others, he compiled History of the Five Dynasties (New History of the Five Dynasties) and Book of the Tang Dynasty (New Book of the Tang Dynasty). Ouyang Xiu's calligraphy is also world-famous, and his calligraphy is deeply influenced by Yan Zhenqing. Zhu Yue said, "Ouyang Gong's calligraphy is like a man. If he travels abroad well, he is strong in China." . This prose master is also a pioneer in epigraphy research, editing and sorting out thousands of epigraphy articles, and writing more than 400 articles in ten volumes, referred to as "Collection of Ancient Records". Among them, there are more than 20 inscriptions, most of which are stone carvings. This is the earliest extant epigraphy work.
Sima Guang (10 19- 1086), whose real name is Junshi, was born in Sushui Village, Xia County, Shaanxi Province, and was known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Songren was a scholar in the first year of Zongbaoyuan (1038). Song Renzong was appointed Tianzhangge last year. The editing of Zi Tong Zhi Jian took 65,438+05 years. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (65,438+0085), Zhezong acceded to the throne, and Gao Tai listened to politics and called him back to Beijing to preside over state affairs. The following year, he served as a servant of Shangshu and assistant minister under the door, completely abolishing Wang Anshi's new law and restoring the old system. Eight months after his death, posthumous title Wen Guogong. From the 23rd year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC) to the 6th year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 BC), there are four volumes of ***294 volumes, as well as 30 volumes of contents and textual research, which are based on more than 200 kinds of official history, unofficial history, biographies, anthologies and records, and edited by the author.
Lu You (1125-1210) was born in Yinshan, Southern Song Dynasty. 12 years old can write poetry, and his works are rich all his life. There are dozens of existing works, such as "Jian Nan Poetry Draft" and "Weinan Anthology". Lu You has many literary talents, especially his achievements in poetry. I said "10,000 songs in 60 years", and there are more than 9,300 songs today. Many of these poems express the lofty sentiments of resisting gold and killing the enemy and the hatred towards the enemy and traitors. Their style is bold and unrestrained, gloomy and tragic, full of strong patriotic passion, and their ideological and artistic achievements are outstanding. They were known as "Little Li Bai" before their death, and not only became the leaders of the Southern Song Dynasty, but also enjoyed a lofty position in the history of China literature. They are great patriotic poets in China.
Yuan Mei (17 16- 1797) was a poet and poetic critic in Qing dynasty. Zi Zi Cai, named Jian Zhai, was named Cangshan layman and Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in his later years. Yuan Mei was one of the representative poets in Ganjia period. Together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, they are called "the three great poets of Qianlong". Qianlong four years (739) Jinshi, awarded the academician courtyard Jishi Shu. After seven years of transfer, he became an official. He used to be a magistrate in Jiangning and Shangyuan, with a good political voice, and was properly appreciated by Governor Yin Jishan. At the age of 33, his father died, resigned and adopted his mother. He bought the Sui Abandoned Garden in Jiangning (Nanjing), renamed it Suiyuan, and built a house to settle down. He is called Suiyuan. Since then, he has lived a leisurely life here for nearly 50 years, engaged in poetry and prose creation, compiled "Poetry Talk" to find talents, and won prizes and awards, which was admired by the poetry circles at that time. At the age of 24, Yuan Mei took part in the imperial examination. The exam question is "endowed with jade pendant jingling in the wind". There is a quip in the poem that "if people are in doubt, every other day is like a river." However, the presidents believe that "the language involved is not Zhuang, and they will be placed in Sun Shan". Fortunately, Governor Yin Jishan stepped forward and avoided falling out of the list.
Poems include the volume of Fang Shan's Collection of Kokura. Poetics: Suiyuan Poetics (16), Addendum (10), Meridian Rain (24) and its sequel (10). There are more than 30 kinds of scrolls and talking parts. The masterpiece of prose "Salute to Sister" is sincere and has a long history. Classical Chinese critics compare it with Han Yu's Ode to Twelve Lang in Tang Dynasty.