Mathematics is an important subject in ancient science in China, with a long history and brilliant achievements. According to its own characteristics, it can be divided into several periods: pre-Qin germination and foundation of Han and Tang dynasties, establishment of classical mathematics theory system, peak of classical mathematics development and integration of Chinese and western mathematics.

China's ancient mathematics has a special form and ideological content. It aims at solving practical problems, studying the establishment of algorithms and improving computing technology, which has a strong generalization in theory. At the same time, mathematics education is always branded with philosophy and ancient academic thoughts, so it has distinct sociality and strong humanistic color.