Huang taiji, Qing Taizong loves Xinjue Roche. After Nurhachi's death, Huang Taiji was elected to the post of Khan. In AD 1636, Huang Taiji was honored as "Bogda Chechen Khan" by Mongols in Monan, also known as Tiancong Khan. In the same year, the Jurchen nationality was changed to Manchuria, and it was proclaimed emperor in Shenyang. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was named Qing Dynasty. After the flag bearer entered the customs, he slaughtered the city and wiped out the species, killing people without blinking an eye! In case of resistance, they will "burn their houses" and "kill their people and take their things, so that the foot soldiers have their own desires." Huang taiji's three butcheries in Jifu and Shandong are clearly recorded in many local chronicles. Huang taiji plundered Jinan, and there were 130 thousand corpses in the city, and the canal water turned red! ! ! The cruelty of its means, the cruelty of slaughter, and the heavy damage are outrageous. Its ferocity is no less than that of Naion.
Dourgen is the fourteenth son of Nuerhachi, the Qing emperor, and the second son of Abahai. Ming Wanli was born in Hetuala (now the old town of Xinbin County, Liaoning Province) in the 40th year (16 12). He issued a "massacre order", led troops to participate in bloody massacres in Jiangnan and Lingnan areas, and even colluded with Dutch colonists to attack Tusi Mingzhou (Xiamen). At that time, the Qing army almost killed all the Sichuanese, and later had to "fill Sichuan with Huguang" and carry out large-scale immigration. History calls the national disaster in Shen Jia the Manchu Massacre.
Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Aisingiorro Michelle Ye of the Qing Dynasty, the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the second emperor after the capital. Create a prosperous time for sweet potatoes (that is, a prosperous time for kanggan) and establish a literary prison in the Qing dynasty.
Emperors Yong Zhengdi, Yong Zhengdi and A Qing were the fifth emperors in the Qing Dynasty, the third emperor after entering the customs, and the fourth son of the Qing sage Kangxi. Banning books in Xingwen prison not only caused the deaths of countless innocent people, but also became a profound disaster for the Chinese nation, which can be described as a catastrophe through the ages! Due to the serious destruction of advanced ideology and culture, social development is obviously lagging behind. Since the Opium War, China has been in a passive position in the world for a long time.
Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, Aisingiorro Hongli, the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the fourth emperor after entering the customs. Li Hong is the biggest tyrant in the history of China. It severely suppressed the initiative and creativity of the people and even the bureaucratic class, and at the same time strengthened and ossified the autocratic system, creating great obstacles for future development. Emperor Qianlong's Xingwen prison reached its peak, and he exercised unprecedented strict control over society and put an end to any seeds of instability. Li Hong is the initiator of literary inquisition in China history. Many literary disasters occurred during the Qianlong period, which was the peak of literary inquisition in the history of China. The literary inquisition1more than 30 cases in the Qianlong period were created by far-fetched, literal-minded and shadowy methods. In 47 cases, criminals were sentenced to death. Li Hong stood still and missed the best opportunity to understand the western world. At this time, a new type of warship was built in Europe, and all aspects were changing and developing rapidly. It was also when Li Hong was narcissistic that he passed by the Qing Empire and quickly surpassed it. Li Hong wastes luxury goods. Six trips to Jiangnan are expensive. Originally, the national treasury was not abundant, and it was even more stretched under Li Hong's profligacy. Six trips to the south of the Yangtze River have also caused very serious disasters to the people. In his later years, Li Hong made matters worse, sowing the seeds that turned the Qing Dynasty from "sweet potato flourishing age" to "Daoxian declining age" and then went to extinction.
Empress Dowager Cixi, Empress Qin Xiao, Ye He Na La, the concubine of Emperor Xianfeng, and the biological mother of Emperor Tongzhi. "Shen Jiayi" came to power after deposing Prince Gong. Cixi is weak and incompetent. She won a great victory in the 1885 war against France and successfully prevented the French army from landing in Taiwan Province Province. However, she took the initiative to make peace and signed the Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin, depriving the Qing Empire of its suzerainty over Annan and ending the war. In addition, the conclusion of the Sino-Japanese Shimonoseki Peace Treaty of 1895 and the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty of 190 1 deprived China of great benefits because of the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894+0894 and 1900. Cixi's ruling and decision-making have an unshirkable responsibility in the occurrence of these two events. Although Cixi is very capable politically, her supreme goal is still to maintain the Qing Dynasty's rule over China. The results of several wars that humiliated the country and power listed above are not necessarily the same. Among them, the Yiyou Qing Dynasty War and the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War are more favorable than accepting the humiliating conditions of peace talks. However, although the result of continuing the war will defeat France, which was in chaos at that time, or bring down Japan, which was about to run out of national strength at that time, so that the Chinese nation can have a better result, it is very likely that the central government of the Qing Dynasty will lose its authority and go to collapse because of the protracted war. As the head of the supreme power, Cixi refused to cancel the short-sighted discussion and accept the humiliation that had maintained 300 people, which not only reflected her political ability, but also worsened the future of modern China many times. After the Gengzi Incident, when China faced the huge compensation for the contract between Xin and Chou, its extravagance still did not obviously converge, which made the already stretched financial problems in the late Qing Dynasty worse and the people's livelihood languished. Cixi once issued a "imperial decree" saying: "Measure China's material resources and get the favor of the country." This shows that the Qing Dynasty has compromised with the great powers and become a tool for the great powers to invade China. It also means that China people have changed from slaves of the Qing Dynasty to slaves of the great powers, and they are the double identities of the conquered.
Puyi, whose name is Yao Zhi, is Haoran, the last emperor of Qing Dynasty (also known as Emperor Fei Qing or Emperor Xuan Tong), the great traitor of the Republic of China, the running dog of Japan, and the scum of history.
Hong Chengchou, whose real name is Yan Yan, is called Hengjiu. He was a scholar in Ming Shenzong Wanli for forty-four years, and he was tired of being an official in Shaanxi. During the Chongzhen period, he served as an official in the Ministry of War, Shangshu, Hebei and Liaoning, and was captured by the Qing Dynasty after the defeat of Jin Song War. After that, he surrendered to become a college student of Han nationality in Qing Dynasty and became a great traitor.
Cao Xueqin, whose real name is Zhan, whose real name is Xue Qin, Qin Pu, is a native of Zhengbai Banner of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Although he was born in the Han nationality, Cao Jia joined the Eight Banners in the early Qing Dynasty, and Cao Xueqin lived in the circle of Banners for more than one hundred years, but Cao Xueqin is still an orthodox Han nationality. Grandfather Cao Yin had a close relationship with Kangxi. His mother was Kangxi's wet nurse, and the family inherited Jiangning weaving for three generations. Two women were chosen as princesses. Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions is the highest peak of China's classical novels, not only a great realistic work in China's classical novels, but also a bright pearl in the treasure house of human literature.
Wenkang, whose real name is Iron Blood, Regret Temple and Murphy, is a red flag man of Manchu Eight Banners. Biography of Heroes of Children was born in the late Qianlong period, which is another famous novel after Dream of Red Mansions.
Nalan Xingde was a flag bearer in Huang Zheng, Manchuria. Manchu. Good at calligraphy, good at painting and calligraphy appreciation, and famous for words. Known as "the first poet in Qing Dynasty". Wang Guowei spoke highly of him in "Ci Hua on Earth", saying: "Nalan Rong Ruo looks at things with the eyes of nature and expresses his feelings with the tongue of nature. This is the first time to enter the Central Plains, and it is not influenced by the Han ethos, so it can be true. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person. "
Gu Taiqing is a poetess on par with Nalan Xingde. Next spring, the word Meixian, the number is too clear. Xilinjue Roche, a native of Zhenglan Banner, Manchuria. He is the author of poetry anthology "Fishing Songs in the East China Sea" and poetry anthology "God Blessed Pavilion". In the history of China literature, she can be compared with Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty.
In addition, the children of the Eight Banners are also quite accomplished in music, painting, calligraphy, science and technology. For example, the third son of Kangxi, Prince Yun Zhi, was good at calendars and mathematics, and was ordered to compile the origin of laws and calendars and the integration of ancient and modern books. Zhuang Wang Qin, sixteen sons of Kangxi, is good at math and music. When he was managing the music department during the reign of Qianlong, he made textual research on ancient music, and according to Zhou Li, he cast Zhong Bo and Teqingge 12 for imperial gift. He also participated in the compilation of Essence of Mathematics. Rong Yongqi, the fifth son of Qianlong, is proficient in Manchu and Mongolian languages, astronomy and mathematics, and is good at painting and calligraphy. His son Mianyi is good at calligraphy and painting, which is extremely important in the contemporary era. Sun Yi, a painter, is good at seal script and proficient in mathematics. He is the author of Zi Zhangzi and Miao Jilian. Minggatu, a native of Zhengbaiqi, Mongolian Eight Banners, is good at mathematics and astronomy. He used to be the supervisor of Qin Dynasty, participated in revising the imperial examination calendar and instrument, and wrote the book "Secrecy Method" for more than 30 years. However, compared with Song and Ming Dynasties, the science and technology culture in Qing Dynasty is really difficult.