Rational number of the content of the first volume of junior one mathematics textbook
1, 5, 1, 2… and other numbers are called positive numbers, all of which are greater than 0. In order to highlight the sign of numbers, you can add a+sign before positive numbers, such as +5,+1.2.
2. Numbers with "-"in front of positive numbers are called negative numbers, such as-10, -3, ….
3,0 is neither positive nor negative.
4. Integers and fractions are collectively called rational numbers.
number axis
1, number axis: a straight line that defines the origin, positive direction and unit length.
2. Three elements of the number axis: origin, positive direction and unit length.
3. All rational numbers can be represented by points on the number axis.
4. Inverse number: If two numbers differ only in sign, then we call one of them the inverse number of the other number, which also means that these two numbers are inverse numbers.
Addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions
1, monomial: In an algebraic expression, if only multiplication (including power) operations are involved. Or algebraic expressions that contain division but do not contain letters in division are called monomials.
2. The coefficient and times of single item: the non-zero numerical factor in single item is called the numerical coefficient of single item, which is simply referred to as the coefficient of single item; When the coefficient is not zero, the sum of all the letter indexes in the single item is called the number of times of the single item.
3. Polynomial: The sum of several monomials is called polynomial.
4. Number and degree of polynomials: the number of monomials contained in a polynomial is the number of polynomial terms, and each monomial is called a polynomial term; In polynomials, the degree of the term with the highest degree is called the degree of polynomials;
5. Algebraic expression: Any algebraic expression that does not contain division operation or contains division operation but does not contain letters in the division formula is called algebraic expression.
One-dimensional linear equation
1, equation and equivalence: the equation connected by "=" is called equation. Note: "Equivalent value can be substituted"!
2, the nature of the equation:
Properties of equation 1: Add (or subtract) the same number or the same algebraic expression on both sides of the equation, and the result is still an equation;
Property 2 of the equation: both sides of the equation are multiplied (or divided) by the same non-zero number, and the result is still an equation.
3. Equation: An equation with an unknown number is called an equation.
4. Solution of the equation: the value of the unknown quantity that makes the left and right sides of the equation equal is called the solution of the equation; Note: "The solution of the equation can be substituted"!
5. Moving term: after changing the sign, moving the term of the equation from one side to the other is called moving term. The shift term is based on the equality attribute 1.
How to learn math and do more exercises in grade one?
It mainly refers to doing problems. When learning mathematics, we must do problems, and we should do more appropriately. The purpose of doing the problem is first to master and consolidate the knowledge learned; Secondly, initially inspire the flexible use of knowledge and cultivate the ability of independent thinking; The third is to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study and communicate different mathematical knowledge. When you do the problem, you should carefully examine the problem and think carefully. How should we do it? Is there a simple solution? Think and summarize while doing, and deepen the understanding of knowledge through practice.
Be good at thinking
It mainly refers to forming the habit of thinking and learning the method of thinking. Independent thinking is an essential ability to learn mathematics.
When studying, students should think while listening (class), reading (book) and doing (topic). Through their own positive thinking, they can deeply understand mathematical knowledge, sum up mathematical laws and flexibly solve mathematical problems, so as to turn what teachers say and what they write in textbooks into their own knowledge.
Review reading after class
After-class review is an extension of classroom learning, which can not only solve the unresolved problems in preview and classroom, but also systematize knowledge, deepen and consolidate the understanding and memory of classroom learning content. After a class, you must read the textbook first, and then do your homework. After learning a unit, you should read the textbook comprehensively, connect the content of this unit before and after, summarize it comprehensively, write a summary of knowledge, and check for missing parts.